Synthesis of-4-((4-Trimethylsilyl-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl) methyl)-2H-Chromen-2-Ones: A Novel Class of Heteroaryl Anionic Synthon

A one-pot synthesis of some novel anionic scaffolds: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one is reported. Reaction of 10 different substituted bromomethylcoumarins with trimethylsilylacetylene and sodium azide in the presence of copper(I) iodide catalyst gave the corresponding heteroaryl conjugates: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one in 70–92% yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been completely characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. For the first time, the representative single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 6-methoxy-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one is reported which confirms the formation of anionic synthon which bears the trimethylsilyl-group

Study of Dengue virus E proteingene of clinical isolates of Andhra Pradesh: in the contest to Epidemiological features

In this current article, we showed the dengue virus serotype 2 protein E gene from the clinical samples of Andhra Pradesh in an acute phase infection. The models showed positive for the protein E gene with RT-PCR techniques and cellular isolates. Two unique sequences are identified with new substrains, which are similar to the hermits of the earlier reports. This study provided the epidemiology insight of the isolated strain through the phylogenetic analyses

Clinical isolates of Anantapuramu for the protein E isolation of the dengue virus

In theclinical samples from the state of Anantapuramu, the dengue virus serotype 2 protein E gene was found. It was established that the protein E gene was present in the models by using RT-PCR and cellular isolates. There has been one new sub strain discovered that are akin to the hermits described in previous investigations. An investigation of the epidemiology of the isolated strain was conducted using a phylogenetic analysis of the strain

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Regiospecific substitution of the β-vinylic sp2 carbon of cyclohexenones bearing the α-chloro- and β-tosylate-groups: Single crystal XRD/Hirshfeld surface/in-silico studies of three representative compounds

2-Chloro-3-tosyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone was subjected to a series of regiospecific Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in suspensions of nine different substituted boronic acids, Pd(OAc)2, P(Ph3)3, K3PO4 and 1,4-dioxane solvent, under sealed tube conditions. The regiospecific substitution of the tosyl-group by the aryl group in preference over the chloride- group was observed. A comparison between the bromo- and tosylate group’s reactivities is highlighted. Using the methodology, the products: 2-chloro-3-aryl-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenones were isolated in greater than 85% yields. Good quality crystals of three representative compounds were obtained by slow evaporation technique and subjected to single crystal XRD studies, Hirshfeld surface analysis, 3-D energy framework, and molecular docking studies. Crystal data for compound 3; C15H17ClO4S: monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.8687(3) Å, b = 10.5537(4) Å, c = 16.6862(7) Å, β = 89.807(3)°, V = 1561.78(10) Å3, Z = 4, T = 290 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.390 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.398 g/cm3, 13623 reflections measured (6.716° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 54.962°), 3570 unique (Rint = 0.0467, Rsigma = 0.0512) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0452 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1019 (all data). Crystal data for compound 5e; C20H18O2FCl: monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.4900(5) Å, b = 18.6070(13) Å, c = 14.2146(11) Å, β = 102.324(2)°, V = 1677.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 296(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.239 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.309 g/cm3, 25575 reflections measured (6.262° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 52.224°), 3283 unique (Rint = 0.0494, Rsigma = 0.0307) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0875 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.2056 (all data). Crystal data for compound 5h; C12H13OSCl: triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 6.7517(6) Å, b = 8.8376(9) Å, c = 12.6049(12) Å, α = 109.538(3)°, β = 98.597(3)°, γ = 90.417(3)°, V = 699.52(12) Å3, Z = 2, T = 290 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.410 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.376 g/cm3, 28754 reflections measured (6.114° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 59.288°), 3898 unique (Rint = 0.0544, Rsigma = 0.0349) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.1101 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.2481 (all data)

Synthesis of-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-ones: A novel class of heteroaryl anionic synthon

<p>A one-pot synthesis of some novel anionic scaffolds: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one is reported. Reaction of 10 different substituted bromomethylcoumarins with trimethylsilylacetylene and sodium azide in the presence of copper(I) iodide catalyst gave the corresponding heteroaryl conjugates: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one in 70–92% yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been completely characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. For the first time, the representative single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 6-methoxy-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one is reported which confirms the formation of anionic synthon which bears the trimethylsilyl-group.</p

Synthesis of-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-ones: A novel class of heteroaryl anionic synthon

<p>A one-pot synthesis of some novel anionic scaffolds: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one is reported. Reaction of 10 different substituted bromomethylcoumarins with trimethylsilylacetylene and sodium azide in the presence of copper(I) iodide catalyst gave the corresponding heteroaryl conjugates: the substituted-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one in 70–92% yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been completely characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. For the first time, the representative single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 6-methoxy-4-((4-trimethylsilyl-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one is reported which confirms the formation of anionic synthon which bears the trimethylsilyl-group.</p

Factors affecting willingness to participate in vaccine clinical trials in an underdeveloped country: perspective from Nepal

Due to the inherent complex nature of clinical trials, individual’s willingness to participate and hence, enrollment in a clinical trial maybe challenging. When it comes to vaccine clinical trial in children, informed consent needs to be secured from the parents or legally acceptable representatives (LARs). Some of the factors which contribute to hesitancy in taking part in clinical trials are based on the level of education, living standards, part of the world they live, associated burden of disease, fear of different procedures in clinical trial, side effects, limited understanding, limited time, and mistrust with Investigational product. This study included 201 parents/LARs, who approached Kanti Children Hospital site in Kathmandu with the interest to get their children enrolled in a vaccine clinical trial with objectives of describing the reasons for agreeing or disagreeing to participate in the vaccine clinical trial, factors affecting decision making, and finding the major concerns of parents/LARs. The acceptance for the study vaccine was 136 (67.7%) whereas denial was 65 (32.3%). This study showed that age, education level, family structure, advice from family and friends, and medical guidance play important roles in willingness of parents to get their child enrolled in the trial. If a proper counseling is done, fear of blood sampling is not a big factor which is contrary to the belief among clinical researchers. Safety of vaccine, frequency of injections, and cost of vaccine were the main concerns of the parents, which need to be addressed extensively while planning for any clinical trial in children

Marker Assisted improvement of a stable restorer line, KMR-3R and its derived hybrid KRH-2 for bacterial blight resistance and grain quality

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