Implementing interval programming techniques to the optimal design of socioeconomic policies

l Capítulo I proporciona una descripción de los principales conceptos teóricos y los supuestos subyacentes relacionados con el enfoque metodológico que se utilizará para obtener soluciones robustas para los modelos descritos más adelante en el Capítulo II. También se ofrece una revisión actualizada de las metodologías intervalares que se encuentran en la literatura científica, lo que pone de manifiesto los principales desafíos que deben enfrentarse en el cálculo y la clasificación de soluciones posiblemente eficientes en términos de robustez. Finalmente, también se sugiere un nuevo procedimiento para obtener algunas soluciones necesariamente eficientes y estrictamente posiblemente eficientes para problemas multiobjetivos con funciones objetivo intervalares. El Capítulo II propone dos modelos de programación intervalar multiobjetivo basados en los resultados de estimaciones econométricas, donde se consideran aspectos diferentes (y conflictivos) de la satisfacción con la vida de los trabajadores. También se sugiere un enfoque novedoso que utiliza problemas de escalarización que se basan en métodos de punto de referencia, para calcular las soluciones posiblemente eficientes para estos modelos. El primer modelo utiliza datos obtenidos para España y tiene como objetivo explorar los niveles de compensación entre tres características relacionadas con el trabajo que se dice que son valoradas por los trabajadores: ganancias, seguridad laboral y tiempos de trabajo. El segundo modelo utiliza datos de 34 países para analizar cómo los trabajadores (hombres y mujeres) concilian la satisfacción con la educación, el trabajo actual, la vida familiar y la vida social. En la parte final de esta tesis, se discuten los principales resultados obtenidos, se extraen algunas conclusiones y se indican potenciales futuras vías de ampliación de esta línea de investigación

Modelos input-output multiobjectivo com coeficientes intervalares para o estudo das interacções economia-energia-ambiente

Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Electrotécnica (Optimização e Teoria dos Sistemas) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia da Univ. de CoimbraO sector energético assume particular relevo no contexto nacional, quer pelas suas repercussões no aparelho produtivo, quer pelas consequências ao nível do emprego, do abastecimento interno, das relações com o exterior e do ambiente. Devido à forte dependência energética do exterior, e ao peso do consumo dos combustíveis fósseis no consumo de energia primária, o país enfrenta grandes desafios ao nível das políticas que deverá seguir, de modo a alcançar as metas estabelecidas para os sectores energético e ambiental, sem descurar as questões económicas e sociais que lhes estão associadas. Os modelos de programação linear multiobjectivo baseados na estrutura linear das relações de produção inter/intra-industriais são utilizados para o estudo das interacções entre a economia, a energia e o ambiente. Estes modelos permitem aos agentes de decisão contemplar diversos eixos de avaliação relacionados, nomeadamente, com estratégias energéticas sustentáveis, o crescimento económico, o bem-estar social e as preocupações ambientais. Deste modo, os agentes de decisão beneficiam de uma ferramenta de análise que permite determinar os impactes ambientais decorrentes de alterações verificadas no nível das actividades económicas, que poderão estar assentes em políticas distintas. Na maioria dos problemas reais, os coeficientes destes modelos não são exactamente conhecidos, porque os dados são escassos, são dificilmente obtidos ou estimados e o sistema a modelar pode estar sujeito a alterações. Portanto, estes modelos de programação matemática para apoio à decisão devem considerar explicitamente, para além de funções objectivo múltiplas e conflituosas, o tratamento da incerteza associada aos coeficientes. A programação intervalar é uma abordagem interessante para o tratamento da incerteza em problemas de programação matemática, porque não requer a especificação das distribuições probabilísticas (como na programação estocástica) ou das distribuições possibilísticas (como na programação difusa) dos coeficientes do modelo. Para a utilização da programação intervalar é necessário apenas dispor de informação acerca da gama de variação dos coeficientes incertos. Um dos principais objectivos desta dissertação consistiu no desenvolvimento de um método interactivo para modelos de programação linear multiobjectivo com coeficientes intervalares, para o estudo das interacções entre a economia nacional, o sistema energético e os impactes ambientais, de modo a auxiliar os agentes de decisão a identificar soluções robustas, ou seja, soluções que se comportem bem em diferentes cenários de coeficientes do modelo. Foi efectuado um vasto trabalho de recolha de dados, de modo a ser desenvolvido um modelo próximo da realidade nacional. Alguns resultados ilustrativos, obtidos através da aplicação desse método interactivo são analisados, enfatizando a utilidade da abordagem proposta no apoio à decisão.The energy sector is particularly relevant in the national context, due to its impacts on the productive system as well as its consequences on the level of employment, internal supply, external relations and the environment. The high external energy dependency and the weight of the fossil fuels on the primary energy consumption imply the country is faced with great challenges regarding the policies it must follow in order to achieve the targets, which have been imposed both for the energy and environmental sectors, without discarding the economic and social issues that are associated to them. Multiobjective linear programming models based on the linear inter/intra industrial linkages of production are used to study the interactions between the economy, the energy system and the environment. These models allow the decision-makers to incorporate distinct axes of evaluation, namely related with energy sustainable strategies, economic growth, social well-being and environmental concerns. In this manner, the decision-makers benefit from an analytical tool which allows them to assess the environmental impacts, resulting from changes in the level of production of the economic activities that might be sustained by distinct policies. In most real-world situations, the coefficients of these models are not exactly known because data is scarce, difficult to obtain or estimate and the system being modeled might be subject to changes. Therefore, these mathematical programming models for decision support must take explicitly into account, besides multiple and conflicting objective functions, the treatment of the uncertainty associated with the coefficients. Interval programming is an interesting approach to tackle uncertainty in mathematical programming models, since it does not require the specification of the probabilistic distributions (as in stochastic programming) or the possibilistic distributions (as in fuzzy programming) of the model coefficients. Interval programming just assumes that information about the range of variation of the uncertain coefficients is available. One of the main goals of this dissertation consisted in developing an interactive method for multiobjective linear programming problems with interval coefficients, to study the interactions between the national economy, the energy system and the environmental impacts, by supporting the decision-makers in the identification of robust solutions, that is solutions with good performance for different model coefficient settings. An extensive work of data gathering has been made in order to develop a national realistic model. Some illustrative results, obtained by using that interactive method are analysed, emphasizing the usefulness of the proposed approach to provide decision aid to decision-makers

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7\TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs(\ttbar) in $pp$ collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 \TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in two different topologies: single lepton (electron $e$ or muon $\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least four jets, and dilepton ($ee$, $\mu\mu$ or $e\mu$) with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. In a data sample of 2.9 pb-1, 37 candidate events are observed in the single-lepton topology and 9 events in the dilepton topology. The corresponding expected backgrounds from non-\ttbar Standard Model processes are estimated using data-driven methods and determined to be $12.2 \pm 3.9$ events and $2.5 \pm 0.6$ events, respectively. The kinematic properties of the selected events are consistent with SM \ttbar production. The inclusive top quark pair production cross-section is measured to be \sigmattbar=145 \pm 31 ^{+42}_{-27} pb where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The measurement agrees with perturbative QCD calculations.Comment: 30 pages plus author list (50 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, CERN-PH number and final journal adde

Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton

A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb -1. Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σtt-=186±13(stat.)±20(syst.)±7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction

Hunt for new phenomena using large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS in 4.7 fb−1 of √s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

Results are presented of a search for new particles decaying to large numbers of jets in association with missing transverse momentum, using 4.7 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√=7TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The event selection requires missing transverse momentum, no isolated electrons or muons, and from ≥6 to ≥9 jets. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetric model, where, for large universal scalar mass m 0, gluino masses smaller than 840 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, extending previously published limits. Within a simplified model containing only a gluino octet and a neutralino, gluino masses smaller than 870 GeV are similarly excluded for neutralino masses below 100 GeV

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Search for anomalous production of prompt like-sign muon pairs and constraints on physics beyond the standard model with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMAn inclusive search for anomalous production of two prompt, isolated muons with the same electric charge is presented. The search is performed in a data sample corresponding to 1.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected in 2011 at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Muon pairs are selected by requiring two isolated muons of the same electric charge with pT > 20 GeV and |η| < 2.5. Minimal requirements are placed on the rest of the event activity. The distribution of the invariant mass of the muon pair m(μμ) is found to agree well with the background expectation. Upper limits on the cross section for anomalous production of two muons with the same electric charge are placed as a function of m(μμ) within a fiducial region defined by the event selection. The fiducial cross-section limit constrains the like-sign top-quark pair-production cross section to be below 3.7 pb at 95% confidence level. The data are also analyzed to search for a narrow like-sign dimuon resonance as predicted for e.g. doubly charged Higgs bosons (H±±). Assuming pair production of H±± bosons and a branching ratio to muons of 100% (33%), this analysis excludes masses below 355 (244) GeV and 251 (209) GeV for H±± bosons coupling to left-handed and right-handed fermions, respectivelyWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular, from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFNCNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid

Measurement of the top quark pair production cross-section with ATLAS in the single lepton channel

A measurement of the production cross-section for top quark pairs (t[bar over t]) in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are selected in the single lepton topology by requiring an electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and at least three jets. With a data sample of 35 pb[superscript −1], two different multivariate methods, one of which uses b-quark jet identification while the other does not, use kinematic variables to obtain cross-section measurements of σ[subscript t bar over t] = 187 ± 11 (stat.) [+18 over −17] (syst.) ± 6 (lumi.) pb and σ[subscript t bar over t] = 173 ± 17 (stat.) [+18 over −16] (syst.) ±6 (lumi.) pb respectively. The two measurements are in agreement with each other and with QCD calculations. The first measurement has a better a priori sensitivity and constitutes the main result of this Letter.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator