Análisis de la cerámica del sitio Antiguito y su aporte al estudio de la manufactura e interacción en la Quebrada de La Cueva, Humahuaca, Jujuy.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis realizado al material cerámico procedente de la única excavación efectuada en el sitio Antiguito. El cual se encuentra ubicado en el sector más septentrional de la Quebrada de La Cueva, departamento de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. A lo largo del texto se explicita el marco teórico, se destacan los pasos metodológicos para el estudio, y se detallan los análisis macroscópicos y microscópicos realizados; así como la utilidad de la aplicación del método de remontaje como complemento para el estudio de la funcionalidad de las piezas cerámicas. Se pretende aportar a la comprensión de los procesos sociales acaecidos en dicha quebrada, puntualmente con respecto a aquellos vinculados con los procesos de interacción y manufactura cerámica.publishedVersio

Effects of dietary inclusions of red beet and betaine on the acute stress response and muscle lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout

[EN] This study evaluates the effects of red beet (RB) and betaine on rainbow trout submitted to an acute stress challenge. A control diet was compared with four experimental diets in which red beet (14 and 28%) and betaine (0.9 and 1.63%) were incorporated in different concentrations according to a factorial design. Cortisol in plasma and fin, glucose and lactate plasma levels, and malondialdehide (MDA) in muscle were all measured before the stress challenge and 30 min and 6 and 12 h after the stress challenge as parameters to determine the diet effects. RB and betaine had no effect on cortisol, glucose, and MDA basal levels. However, lactate basal levels were significantly lower on fish fed with RB and betaine. Thirty minutes after the stress challenge, there was a significant increase in plasma and fin cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations, although fish fed with diets containing RB and betaine showed significantly higher plasma cortisol values. MDA values of fish fed with 14% RB and 0.9% betaine were significantly higher than MDA values from fish fed with 28% RB and 1.63% betaine. After 6 and 12 h, plasma and fin cortisol and lactate levels recovered in a similar trend. Glucose plasma levels recovered in almost all groups 12 h after the stress. Also, MDA values recovered basal levels after 6 and 12 h. RB and betaine did not enhance the tolerance to the stress challenge compared to the control group, although the presence of these ingredients had no negative effect on any of the stress indicators.Pinedo-Gil, J.; Martín-Diana, AB.; Bertotto, D.; Sanz-Calvo, MÁ.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2018). Effects of dietary inclusions of red beet and betaine on the acute stress response and muscle lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. 44(3):939-948. doi:10.1007/s10695-018-0483-3S939948443Aluru N, Vijayan MM (2006) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation impairs cortisol response to stress in rainbow trout by disrupting the rate limiting steps in steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 147:1895–1903Ashley PJ (2007) Fish welfare: current issues in aquaculture. Appl Anim Behav Sci 104:199–235Barton BA, Iwama GK (1991) Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Annu Rev Fish Dis 1:3–26Bertotto D, Poltronieri C, Negrato E, Majolini D, Radaelli G, Simontacchi C (2010) Alternative matrices for cortisol measurement in fish. Aquac Res 41:1261–1267Bertotto D, Poltronieri C, Negrato E, Richard J, Pascoli F, Simontacchi C, Radaelli G (2011) Whole body cortisol and expression of HSP70, IGF-I and MSTN in early development of sea bass subjected to heat shok. Gen Comp Endocrinol 174:44–50Chagas EC, Val AL (2006) Ascorbic acid reduces the effects of hypoxia on the Amazon fish tambaqui. J Fish Biol 69:608–612Cui XJ, Zhou QC, Liang HO, Yang J, Zhao LM (2010) Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus.) Aquac Res 42:99–107Dabrowski K, Lee KJ, Guz L, Verlhac V, Gabaudan J (2004) Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxygen stress (hypoxia or hyperoxia), growth and tissue vitamin concentration in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 233:383–392Enes P, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Oliva-Teles A (2006) Rapid metabolic adaptation of European sea beass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles fed different carbohydrate sources after heat shock stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A 145:73–81Fast MD, Hosoya S, Johnson SC, Alfonso LOB (2008) Cortisol response and immune-related effects of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 24:194–204Francis G, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2001) Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture 199:197–227Ganessan B, Anandan R, Lakshmanan PT (2011) Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 16:641–652Gesto M, López-Patiño MA, Hernández J, Soengas JL, Míguez JM (2013) The response of brain serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to an acute stressor in rainbow trout: a time course study. J Exp Biol 216:4435–4442Gesto M, López-Patiño MA, Hernández J, Soengas JL, Míguez JM (2015) Gradation of the stress response in rainbow trout exposed to stressors of different severity: the role of brain serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. J Neuroendocrinol 27:131–141Hemre GI, Mommsen TP, Krogdahl Å (2002) Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and heptic enzymes. Aquac Nutr 8:175–194Ings JS, Vijayan MM, Servos MR (2012) Tissue-specific metabolic changes in response to an acute handling disturbance in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to municipal wastewater effluent. Aquat Toxicol 108:53–59Janssens PA, Waterman J (1988) Hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver pieces cultured in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol 91A:451–457Jeney G, Galeotti M, Volpatti D, Anderson DP (1997) Prevention of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing different doses of glucan. Aquaculture 154:1–15Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ (1984) Clinical chemistry: theory, analysis and correlation. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 1032–1036Krogdahl Å, Sundby A, Olli JJ (2004) Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) digest and metabolize nutrients differently. Effects of water salinity and dietary starch levels. Aquaculture 229:335–360Kujala TS, Vienola MS, Klika KD, Loponen JM, Pihlaja K (2002) Betalain and phenolic composition of four beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars. Eur Food Res Technol 214:505–510Kumar N, Jadhao SB, Chandan NK, Kumar K, Jha AK, Bhushan S, Kumar S, Rana RS (2012) Dietary choline, betaine and lecithin mitigate endosulfan-induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 38:989–1000Leveelahti L, Rytkönen KT, Renshaw GMC, Nikinmaa M (2014) Revisiting redox-active antioxidant defences in response to hypoxic challenge in both hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-sensitive fish species. Fish Physiol Biochem 40:183–191Lushchak VI, Bagnyukova TV, Lushchak OV, Storey JM, Storey KB (2005) Hypoxia and recovery perturb free radical processes and antioxidant potential in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) tissues. Int J Bichem Cell Biol 37:1319–1330Lushchak VI, Bagnyukova TV (2006) Temperature increase results in oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. 1. Indices of oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C 143:30–35Madaro A, Olsen RE, Kristiansen TS, Ebbeson LOE, Nilsen TO, Flik G, Gorissen M (2015) Stress in Atlantic salmon: response to unpredictable chronic stress. J Exp Biol 218:2538–2550Ming J, Xie J, Xu P, Ge X, Liu W, Ye J (2012) Effects of emodin and vitamin C on growth performance, biochemical parameters and two HSP70s mRNA expression of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) under high temperature stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 32:651–661Mommsen TP, Vijayan MM, Moon TW (1999) Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation. Rev Fish Biol Fish 9:211–268Montero D, Tort L, Robaina L, Vergara JM, Izquierdo MS (2001) Low vitamin E in diet reduces stress resistance of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurta) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 11:473–490Ortuño J, Esteban MA, Meseguer J (2003) Effect of dietary intake of vitamins C and E on the stress response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) Fish Shellfish Immunol 14:145–156Øverli Ø, Sørensen C, Kiessling A, Pottinger TG, Gjøen HM (2006) Selection for improved stress tolerance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) leads to reduced feed waste. Aquaculture 261:776–781Pérez-Jiménez A, Peres H, Rubio VC, Oliva-Teles A (2012) The effect of hypoxia on intermediary metabolism and oxidative status in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed on diets supplemented with methionine and white tea. Comp Biochem Physiol C 155:506–516Pichavant K, Maxime V, Thébault MT, Ollivier H, Garnier JP, Bousquet B, Diouris M, Boeuf G, Nonnotte G (2002) Effects of hypoxia and subsequent recovery on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): hormonal changes and anaerobic metabolism. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 225:275–285Pinedo-Gil J, Tomás-Vidal A, Larrán-García AM, Tomás-Almenar C, Jover-Cerdá M, Sanz-Calvo MA, Martín-Diana AB (2017a) Enhancement of quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh incorporating barley on diet without negative effect on rearing parameters. Aquacult Int 25:1005–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0091-0Pinedo-Gil J, Tomás-Vidal A, Jover-Cerdá M, Tomás-Almenar C, Sanz-Calvo MA, Martín-Diana AB (2017b) Red beet and betaine as ingredients in diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and flesh quality. Arch Anim Nutr 71:486–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2017.1391503Rabeh NM (2015) Effect of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) and its fresh juice against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. World Appl Sci J 33(6):931–938Rollo A, Sulpizio R, Nardi M, Silvi S, Orpianesi C, Caggiano M, Cresci A, Carnevalli O (2006) Live microbial feed supplement in aquaculture for improvement of stress tolerance. Fish Physiol Biochem 32:167–177Sadoul B, Leguen I, Colson V, Friggens NC, Prunet P (2015) A multivariate analysis using physiology and behaviour to characterize robustness in two isogenic lines of rainbow trout exposed to a confinement stress. Physiol Behav 140:139–147Tan Q, Xie S, Zhu X, Lei W, Yang Y (2006) Effect of dietary carbohydrates sources on growth performance and utilization for gibel carp (Carassius auratus) and Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis Longirostris Günther). Aquac Nutr 12:61–70Tintos A, Míguez JM, Mancera JM, Soengas JL (2006) Development of a microtitre plate indirect ELISA for measuring cortisol in teleosts, and evaluation of stress responses in rainbow trout and gilthead sea bream. J Fish Biol 68:251–263Van Anholt RD, Spanings FAT, Koven WM, Nixon O, Wendelaar Bonga SE (2004) Arachidonic acid reduces the stress response of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L. J Exp Biol 207:3419–3430Virtanen E (1995) Piecing together the betaine puzzle. Feed Min 3:12–17Wu XY, Liu YJ, TIan LX, Mai KS, Yang HJ (2007) Utilization of several different carbohydrate sources by juvenile yellowfin seabream (Sparus latus). J Fish China 31(4):463–471Yoshida Y, Itoh N, Hayakawa M, Piga R, Cynshi O, Jishage K, Niki E (2005) Lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride and its inhibition by antioxidant as evaluated by an oxidative stress marker, HODE. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 208:87–97Zeng L, Wang YH, Ai CX, Zheng JL, Wu CW, Cai R (2016) Effects of β-glucan on ROS production and energy metabolism in yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) under acute hypoxic stress. Fish Physiol Biochem 42:1395–1405Zolderdo AJ, Algera DA, Lawrence MJ, Gilmour KM, Fast MD, Thuswaldner J, Willmore WG, Cooke SJ (2016) Stress, nutrition and parental care in a teleost fish: exploring mechanisms with supplemental feeding and cortisol manipulation. J Exp Biol 219:1237–124

A Spectral Transfer Function to Harmonize Existing Soil Spectral Libraries Generated by Different Protocols

Soil spectral libraries (SSLs) are important big-data archives (spectra associated with soil properties) that are analyzed via machine-learning algorithms to estimate soil attributes. Since different spectral measurement protocols are applied when constructing SSLs, it is necessary to examine harmonization techniques to merge the data. In recent years, several techniques for harmonization have been proposed, among which the internal soil standard (ISS) protocol is the most largely applied and has demonstrated its capacity to rectify systematic effects during spectral measurements. Here, we postulate that a spectral transfer function (TF) can be extracted between existing (old) SSLs if a subset of samples from two (or more) different SSLs are remeasured using the ISS protocol. A machine-learning TF strategy was developed, assembling random forest (RF) spectral-based models to predict the ISS spectral condition using soil samples from two existing SSLs. These SSLs had already been measured using different protocols without any ISS treatment the Brazilian (BSSL, generated in 2019) and the European (LUCAS, generated in 2009-2012) SSLs. To verify the TF's ability to improve the spectral assessment of soil attributes after harmonizing the different SSLs' protocols, RF spectral-based models for estimating organic carbon (OC) in soil were developed. The results showed high spectral similarities between the ISS and the ISS-TF spectral observations, indicating that post-ISS rectification is possible. Furthermore, after merging the SSLs with the TFs, the spectral-based assessment of OC was considerably improved, from R2 = 0.61, RMSE (g/kg) = 12.46 to R2 = 0.69, RMSE (g/kg) = 11.13. Given our results, this paper enhances the importance of soil spectroscopy by contributing to analyses in remote sensing, soil surveys, and digital soil mapping

Nuevo panorama sobre Pueblo Viejo del Morado (HUM.07b), Departamento de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy

El trabajo se propone analizar y discutir la información procedente de un nuevo sector dentro del sitio conocido arqueológicamente como Pueblo Viejo del Morado o HUM.07b, localizado en la quebrada de La Cueva, Departamento de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Esto se debe a que en recientes investigaciones se encontraron tumbas construidas en falsa bóveda, conformando otra área diferente de las conocidas y registradas dentro del sitio. Por lo tanto, a través del estudio de las características de este nuevo sector (emplazamiento, arquitectura y/o técnicas constructivas), del análisis del material cerámico, lítico, metalúrgico y óseo recuperado, de la determinación de los procesos de formación del sitio (naturales y culturales) que actuaron y siguen actuando, así como también mediante la comparación de estos flamantes datos con los resultados precedentes del mismo sitio pero que fueron obtenidos por Casanova en la década del treinta del siglo XX, la presente investigación profundiza en el conocimiento de algunos aspectos socioculturales prehispánicos de dicha quebrada, como identidad, interacción y/o intercambio, prácticas mortuorias, entre otros.This work focuses on analizing and discussing the information from a new sector within the archeological site known as Pueblo Viejo del Morado or HUM.07b, situated in La Cueva gorge, Department of Humahuaca, Province of Jujuy, Argentina. This is due to the fact that recent investigations found tombs built in false vaults, forming a different area from those already known and registered within the site. Therefore, through the study of the characteristics of this new sector (emplacement, arquitecture and/or construction techniques), the analysis of pottery, lithic, metallurgical and bone material obtained, the determination of the formation processes of the site (natural and cultural) that occured and are still occurring, as well as through a comparison of this flamboyant data with the previous results from the same site, but obtained by Casanova in the 1930s, the current research delves into the knowledge of some pre-hispanic sociocultural aspects of the so mentioned gorge, such as identity, interaction and/or interchange, mortuary practices, among others.Le travail a pour but analiser et discuter l’information d’un nouveau secteur dans le site archéologiquement connu sous le nom de Pueblo Viejo del Morado ou HUM.07b, situé dans le ravin de La Cueva, Département de Humahuaca, Province de Jujuy, Argentine. Ceci est dû au fait que des recherches récentes ont trouvé des tombes construites en fausses voûtes, formant une zone différente de cettes connues et régistrées dans le site. Par conséquent, à travers de l’étude des characteristiques de cet nouveau secteur (location, architecture et/ou tecniques de construction), de l’analyse des matériaux ceramiques, litiques, métallurgiques et osseux récuperé, de la détermination des processus de formation du site (naturels et culturels) qui ont agi et qui agissent toujours, en plus de la comparaison de ces données flamboyantes avec les résultats obtenus du même site par Casanova dans les années treintes du XXème siècle, la présente recherche approfondit la connaissance de certains aspects socioculturels prehispaniques du ravin susmentionné, comme identité, interaction et/ou échange, pratiques mourtaires, parmi d’autres

Nouveaux regards sur Pueblo Viejo del Morado (HUM.07b), Départament de Humahuaca, Province de Jujuy

El trabajo se propone analizar y discutir la información procedente de un nuevo sector dentro del sitio conocido arqueológicamente como Pueblo Viejo del Morado o HUM.07b, localizado en la quebrada de La Cueva, Departamento de Humahuaca, Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Esto se debe a que en recientes investigaciones se encontraron tumbas construidas en falsa bóveda, conformando otra área diferente de las conocidas y registradas dentro del sitio. Por lo tanto, a través del estudio de las características de este nuevo sector (emplazamiento, arquitectura y/o téc-nicas constructivas), del análisis del material cerámico, lítico, metalúrgico y óseo recuperado, de la determinación de los procesos de formación del sitio (natura-les y culturales) que actuaron y siguen actuando, así como también mediante la comparación de estos flamantes datos con los resultados precedentes del mismo sitio pero que fueron obtenidos por Casanova en la década del treinta del siglo XX, la presente investigación profundiza en el conocimiento de algunos aspectos socioculturales prehispánicos de dicha quebrada, como identidad, interacción y/o intercambio, prácticas mortuorias, entre otrosThis work focuses on analizing and discussing the information from a new sector within the archeological site known as Pueblo Viejo del Morado or HUM.07b, situated in La Cueva gorge, Department of Humahuaca, Province of Jujuy, Argentina. This is due to the fact that recent investigations found tombs built in false vaults, forming a different area from those already known and registered within the site. Therefore, through the study of the characteristics of this new sector (emplacement, arquitecture and/or construction techniques), the analysis of pottery, lithic, metallurgical and bone material obtained, the determination of the formation processes of the site (natural and cultural) that occured and are still occurring, as well as through a comparison of this flamboyant data with the previous results from the same site, but obtained by Casanova in the 1930s, the current research delves into the knowledge of some pre-hispanic sociocultural aspects of the so mentioned gorge, such as identity, interaction and/or interchange, mortuary practices, among others.Le travail a pour but analiser et discuter l’information d’un nouveau secteur dans le site archéologiquement connu sous le nom de Pueblo Viejo del Morado ou HUM.07b, situé dans le ravin de La Cueva, Département de Humahuaca, Province de Jujuy, Argentine. Ceci est dû au fait que des recherches récentes ont trouvé des tombes construites en fausses voûtes, formant une zone différente de cettes connues et régistrées dans le site. Par conséquent, à travers de l’étude des characteristiques de cet nouveau secteur (location, architecture et/ou tecniques de construction), de l’analyse des maté- riaux ceramiques, litiques, métallurgiques et osseux récuperé, de la détermination des processus de formation du site (naturels et culturels) qui ont agi et qui agissent toujours, en plus de la comparaison de ces données flamboyantes avec les résultats obtenus du même site par Casanova dans les années treintes du XXème siècle, la présente recherche approfondit la connaissance de certains aspects socioculturels prehispaniques du ravin susmentionné, comme identité, interaction et/ou échange, pratiques mourtaires, parmi d’autres.Fil: Ramundo, Paola Silvia. Pont. Universidad Catolica Arg."sta.maria de Los Bs.as.". Facultad de Cs. Sociales, Politicas y de la Comunicación. Departamento de Historia; Argentina. Universidad de Salamanca; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gaál, Erico Germán. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de las Culturas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; ArgentinaFil: Belotti López de Medina, Carlos Raúl. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de las Culturas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; ArgentinaFil: Julio, Sofía Zoé. Pont. Universidad Catolica Arg."sta.maria de Los Bs.as.". Facultad de Cs. Sociales, Politicas y de la Comunicación. Departamento de Historia; ArgentinaFil: Sanz, Daniela Julia. Pont. Universidad Catolica Arg."sta.maria de Los Bs.as.". Facultad de Cs. Sociales, Politicas y de la Comunicación. Departamento de Historia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Santos Giraldo, Maryluna. Pont. Universidad Catolica Arg."sta.maria de Los Bs.as.". Facultad de Cs. Sociales, Politicas y de la Comunicación. Departamento de Historia; Argentin

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Las inundaciones en La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada. Análisis de riesgos y estrategias de intervención

El trabajo presenta parte de dos proyectos de investigación en desarrollo que indagan y caracterizan los riesgos por inundación en el caso de estudio y las estrategias para su mitigación o adaptación. Se parte de entender que los conflictos hídricos en torno a las inundaciones urbanas son de naturaleza multicausal, pero preponderantemente responden a los efectos del cambio climático. Este hecho alerta sobre la necesidad de modificar la racionalidad del manejo de esta situación. En La Plata, Berisso y Ensenada (Gran La Plata, en adelante GLP-1.162 km2), han sido múltiples los eventos en los últimos cien años. Pero en la última década se han agudizado, hasta llegar a la situación del 2 y 3 de abril del 2013 con una precipitación extraordinaria de 400 milímetros, (lloviendo 313 mm en 6 horas), cuando lo ordinario para el mes de abril es 111 mm, lo que dejó un resultado catastrófico con 89 muertes.Trabajo publicado en Acta Bioquímica Clínica Latinoamericana; no. 52, supl. 2, parte II, diciembre de 2018.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity.

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A communal catalogue reveals Earth’s multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world’s importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth’s microbial diversity

A communal catalogue reveals Earth's multiscale microbial diversity

Our growing awareness of the microbial world's importance and diversity contrasts starkly with our limited understanding of its fundamental structure. Despite recent advances in DNA sequencing, a lack of standardized protocols and common analytical frameworks impedes comparisons among studies, hindering the development of global inferences about microbial life on Earth. Here we present a meta-analysis of microbial community samples collected by hundreds of researchers for the Earth Microbiome Project. Coordinated protocols and new analytical methods, particularly the use of exact sequences instead of clustered operational taxonomic units, enable bacterial and archaeal ribosomal RNA gene sequences to be followed across multiple studies and allow us to explore patterns of diversity at an unprecedented scale. The result is both a reference database giving global context to DNA sequence data and a framework for incorporating data from future studies, fostering increasingly complete characterization of Earth's microbial diversity.Peer reviewe