Caracterização da cadeia produtiva de arroz no Tocantins.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo atualizar informações sobre a cadeia do arroz no estado do Tocantins, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados de fontes oficiais e de pesquisa de campo com a finalidade de subsidiar discussões com os atores da cadeia produtiva do arroz em busca de diretrizes estratégicas de pesquisa e transferência de tecnologia para o desenvolvimento da orizicultura tocantinense

Current state of fusarium wilt of banana in São Paulo.

Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major constraint for banana production in São Paulo. Farmers cultivating 'Maçã' (AAB) and ?Prata? (AAB) are usually forced to abandon areas or switch to less profitable varieties. Despite it impact, there is lack of detailed knowledge of FW incidence, distribution and factors associated to epidemics. In this work we evaluated 18 farms from four regions representative of different production systems. In each farm, areas with high (FOC +) and low (FOC-) incidence of FW were selected. Comparative analyses of weevils and nematode populations, as well as, soil and plant nutrients were performed. Values of FW incidence varied 2 to 45% according to the production systems, but were consistently higher in ?Maçã? than in ?Prata?. Use of infected planting material was attributed as the main factor-driving incidence in Maçã, where a non-aggregated pattern of spatial distribution was verified. There were no correlations between weevils and FW intensity, but high populations were observed. Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. were the main species of nematodes detected. Despite the variation among regions and farms, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae populations were higher in FOC+ than in FOC- areas. Soil analyses also revealed significant variations among farms, but lower values of exchangeable calcium, available P and soil pH were observed in FOC+ than in FOC-. While FW caused a significant reduction of K and Ca, N content remained similar or was even higher in infected plants. Complementary analyzes integrating quantitative and qualitative data on production systems at farm level, allowed to identify that, use of infected planting material, lack of exclusion measures, use or high levels of ammonium-based fertilizes, lack of plant eradication practices, low or not use of organic amendments and low soil pH values, were positively associated with FW intensity

Characterization of Fusarium wilt of banana in São Paulo, Brazil.

Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major constraint for banana production in São Paulo, the biggest banana producer in Brazil. Farmers cultivating ?Maçã? (AAB) and ?Prata? (AAB) (AAB) are usually forced to abandon areas or switch to less profitable varieties. Despite it impact, there is lack of detailed knowledge of FW incidence, distribution and factors associated to epidemics. In this work we characterized 20 farms from four regions representative of different production systems. Incidence of FW was evaluated in all the farms and diseased plants were geo-referenced. In each farm areas with high (FOC +) and low (FOC-) incidence of FW were selected. Comparative analyses of weevils and nematode populations, as well as, soil nutrients were performed. Values of FW incidence varied 2 to 38% according to the production systems, but were consistently higher in ?Maçã? than in ?Prata?. There were no a clear correlations between weevils and FW intensity, but high populations were observed in infected areas. The main species of nematodes detected were Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne spp. and Radopholus similis, in this order. Despite the variation among regions and farms, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae populations were higher in FOC+ than in FOC- areas. Soil analyses revealed lower values of exchangeable calcium, available P and soil pH in FOC+ than in FOC- areas. Complementary analyzes integrating quantitative and qualitative data on production systems at farm level, allowed to identify management practices putatively associated with FW intensity. Integrated approaches to improve banana productivity and reduce FW impact are discussed

Images IV: Strong evolution of the oxygen abundance in gaseous phases of intermediate mass galaxies since z=0.8

Intermediate mass galaxies (logM(Msun)>10) at z~0.6 are the likeliest progenitors of the present-day numerous population of spirals. There is growing evidence that they have evolved rapidly since the last 6 to 8 Gyr ago, and likely have formed a significant fraction of their stellar mass, often showing perturbed morphologies and kinematics. We have gathered a representative sample of 88 such galaxies and have provided robust estimates of their gas phase metallicity. For doing so, we have used moderate spectral resolution spectroscopy at VLT/FORS2 with unprecedented high S/N allowing to remove biases coming from interstellar absorption lines and extinction to establish robust values of R23=([OII]3727 + [OIII]4959,5007)/Hbeta. We definitively confirm that the predominant population of z~0.6 starbursts and luminous IR galaxies (LIRGs) are on average, two times less metal rich than the local galaxies at a given stellar mass. We do find that the metal abundance of the gaseous phase of galaxies is evolving linearly with time, from z=1 to z=0 and after comparing with other studies, from z=3 to z=0. Combining our results with the reported evolution of the Tully Fisher relation, we do find that such an evolution requires that ~30% of the stellar mass of local galaxies have been formed through an external supply of gas, thus excluding the close box model. Distant starbursts & LIRGs have properties (metal abundance, star formation efficiency & morphologies) similar to those of local LIRGs. Their underlying physics is likely dominated by gas infall probably through merging or interactions. Our study further supports the rapid evolution of z~0.4-1 galaxies. Gas exchanges between galaxies is likely the main cause of this evolution.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, A&A, In pres

Current state of fusarium wilt of banana in São Paulo.

Fusarium wilt (FW) is a major constraint for banana production in São Paulo. Farmers cultivating 'Maçã' (AAB) and ?Prata? (AAB) are usually forced to abandon areas or switch to less profitable varieties. Despite it impact, there is lack of detailed knowledge of FW incidence, distribution and factors associated to epidemics. In this work we evaluated 18 farms from four regions representative of different production systems. In each farm, areas with high (FOC +) and low (FOC-) incidence of FW were selected. Comparative analyses of weevils and nematode populations, as well as, soil and plant nutrients were performed. Values of FW incidence varied 2 to 45% according to the production systems, but were consistently higher in ?Maçã? than in ?Prata?. Use of infected planting material was attributed as the main factor-driving incidence in Maçã, where a non-aggregated pattern of spatial distribution was verified. There were no correlations between weevils and FW intensity, but high populations were observed. Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Meloidogyne spp. were the main species of nematodes detected. Despite the variation among regions and farms, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus coffeae populations were higher in FOC+ than in FOC- areas. Soil analyses also revealed significant variations among farms, but lower values of exchangeable calcium, available P and soil pH were observed in FOC+ than in FOC-. While FW caused a significant reduction of K and Ca, N content remained similar or was even higher in infected plants. Complementary analyzes integrating quantitative and qualitative data on production systems at farm level, allowed to identify that, use of infected planting material, lack of exclusion measures, use or high levels of ammonium-based fertilizes, lack of plant eradication practices, low or not use of organic amendments and low soil pH values, were positively associated with FW intensity

Contribution of Efflux to the Emergence of Isoniazid and Multidrug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective drugs used in tuberculosis therapy. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which resistance towards isoniazid develops and how overexpression of efflux pumps favors accumulation of mutations in isoniazid targets, thus establishing a MDR phenotype. The study was based on the in vitro induction of an isoniazid resistant phenotype by prolonged serial exposure of M. tuberculosis strains to the critical concentration of isoniazid employed for determination of drug susceptibility testing in clinical isolates. Results show that susceptible and rifampicin monoresistant strains exposed to this concentration become resistant to isoniazid after three weeks; and that resistance observed for the majority of these strains could be reduced by means of efflux pumps inhibitors. RT-qPCR assessment of efflux pump genes expression showed overexpression of all tested genes. Enhanced real-time efflux of ethidium bromide, a common efflux pump substrate, was also observed, showing a clear relation between overexpression of the genes and increased efflux pump function. Further exposure to isoniazid resulted in the selection and stabilization of spontaneous mutations and deletions in the katG gene along with sustained increased efflux activity. Together, results demonstrate the relevance of efflux pumps as one of the factors of isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis. These results support the hypothesis that activity of efflux pumps allows the maintenance of an isoniazid resistant population in a sub-optimally treated patient from which isoniazid genetically resistant mutants emerge. Therefore, the use of inhibitors of efflux should be considered in the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing the emergence of MDR-TB during treatment

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio