141 research outputs found
How Does Water Behave? Unstable Milieu and Stable Agencements in Dakar's Flooded Suburbs
In the suburbs of Dakar, matter as a flux is not a metaphor anymore, but a concrete process of city fluidification, disintegration, or solidification. Indeed, the city has been concerned for more than 30 years by regular floods that were established permanently in some districts. Drawing from an assemblage perspective, this article aims to understand how people deal with untamed waters in flooded neighbourhoods and at the city scale. It also raises questions about how we can capture the processes of production, maintenance, and disintegration of cities by identifying stable forms of assemblages and by comparing them according to the specific action that they support
L'immigration et l'insécurité dans la campagne télévisée de Nicolas Sarkosy
L'objectif de ma recherche est ici de dĂ©terminer l'influence sur l'opinion de l'usage par le politique de thĂ©matiques spĂ©cifiques lors de sa campagne Ă©lectorale. Une premiĂšre partie aura pour ambition de dĂ©terminer et d'analyser la stratĂ©gie mĂ©diatique que Nicolas Sarkozy a mise en oeuvre lors de sa tentative de rĂ©Ă©lection en 2012. Cela va nous permettre de mieux apprĂ©hender la façon avec laquelle le prĂ©sident candidat va traiter de ces thĂ©matiques dans les mĂ©dias et plus particuliĂšrement Ă la tĂ©lĂ©vision. Une deuxiĂšme partie reviendra sur la trajectoire intellectuelle de cet ancien journaliste d'extrĂȘme droite devenu politologue, sur les relations qu'il entretient avec le prĂ©sident sortant et enfin sur la stratĂ©gie qu'il souhaite mettre en place pour faire accĂ©der Nicolas Sarkozy Ă la prĂ©sidence de la RĂ©publique. Une troisiĂšme partie aura pour objectif d'Ă©valuer l'influence sur l'opinion provoquĂ© par le discours centrĂ© sur ces thĂ©matiques de la part de Nicolas Sarkozy par rapport aux autres candidats
Lâaction publique Ă lâĂ©preuve des inondations dans la banlieue de Dakar
Ă partir dâune enquĂȘte ethnographique dans les quartiers populaires de la banlieue de Dakar, cet article explore la construction progressive de toute une conceptualisation autour des inondations comme objet dâaction publique. Il montre notamment comment les diffĂ©rentes formes de problĂ©matisation ont produit des rĂ©fĂ©rents pratiques et moraux qui permettent aux acteurs impliquĂ©s localement de se coordonner entre eux ainsi quâavec lâĂtat, ce qui amĂšne Ă une certaine rĂ©gulation des actions. Cette contribution met en exergue que les processus de formation des espaces de nĂ©gociations dans lâaction publique ne sont pas uniquement le produit de compĂ©titions entre acteurs et quâil existe aussi des espaces dâengagement pour des biens communs.Based on an ethnographic survey in the precarious neighbourhoods of Dakar, this article explores the construction of floods as a subject of public action. It shows how the different conceptualizations are producing pragmatic and moral references, which allow the actors locally involved to coordinate with each other and also with the State, leading to a regulation in practice with regards to floods management. This contribution highlights the fact that negotiation spaces for public action do not only emerge out of competitive arenas and that commitment spaces also exist when common good is at stake
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe
National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species: A contribution to pollinator conservation
peer reviewedPollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation
Dakar under waters : sociology of the catastrophized city
Depuis une vingtaine dâannĂ©es, des inondations importantes touchent de plus en plus de villes africaines, sahĂ©liennes notamment, et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement de trĂšs nombreuses villes Ă travers le monde. Ce qui frappe dans ces Ă©vĂ©nements, câest moins leur ampleur que la rĂ©gularitĂ© de leur manifestation. Il semble que la catastrophe sây soit installĂ©e dans le paysage urbain pour ne plus en partir, effaçant de la carte des quartiers entiers, et menaçant les possibilitĂ©s de vie dans ces environnements bouleversĂ©s. A partir de lâanalyse des inondations frappant les quartiers populaires de la banlieue de Dakar depuis la fin des annĂ©es 1980, lâenjeu de cette thĂšse est de faire Ă©merger un objet de comparaison, celui de la ville catastrophĂ©e. Si les sciences sociales se concentrent depuis quelques annĂ©es sur la « vie dans les ruines », caractĂ©ristique des paysages de lâanthropocĂšne, peu dâĂ©tudes se sont encore consacrĂ©es Ă la description et lâanalyse de ces paysages en ville. A Dakar, la ville catastrophĂ©e est le produit dâhistoires imbriquĂ©es de modes dâurbanisation, de pratiques dâhabiter, dâĂ©volutions gĂ©ologiques et climatiques, et de formes dâaction publique visant la transformation et lâamĂ©nagement du territoire. Dans cet environnement urbain particulier, se constituent des « agencements » dâaction publique visant la gestion de la catastrophe et lâadaptation du territoire aux inondations. Jâen distingue trois, des agencements « labiles structurĂ©s », « infrastructurels » et des plateformes internationales dâaction publique. Ces derniers caractĂ©risent, sans doute avec dâautres, lâaction publique dans ce qui est en passe de devenir lâune des modalitĂ©s de la ville contemporaine.Over the past twenty years, major floods have been affecting African cities, particularly in the Sahel, and more generally many cities throughout the world. What is striking about these events is less their scale than the regularity of their occurrence. It seems that the disaster has taken hold in the urban landscape, erasing entire neighbourhoods from the map and threatening the possibilities of life in these disrupted environments. Based on the analysis of the floods which have come to characterized precarious neighbourhoods in the suburbs of Dakar since the end of the 1980s, the challenge of this thesis is to bring out an object of comparison, that of the catastrophized city. Although the social sciences have for some years now focused on 'life in the ruins' or 'in the wreckage', characteristic of the landscapes of the Anthropocene, few studies have yet been devoted to the description and analysis of these landscapes in the city. In Dakar, the catastrophic city is the product of interwoven histories of modes of urbanisation, living practices, geological and climatic changes, and forms of public action aimed at the transformation and development of the territory. In this urban environment, "assemblages" of public action aimed at disaster management and adaptation of the territory to flooding are formed. I can distinguish three of them: "structured labile", "infrastructural" and international public action platforms. The latter, undoubtedly along with others, characterise public action in what is becoming one of the modalities of the contemporary city
MĂ©moire(s) et RĂ©cits(s) dans la piĂšce To be or not to be Avignon
Les Ă©volutions de nos sociĂ©tĂ©s contemporaines semblent sâorienter vers un caractĂšre de plus en plus immĂ©diat des rĂ©cits et histoires. Que cela soit pour prĂ©senter des rĂ©cits personnels ou une histoire plus officielle, le temps de la mĂ©moire se raccourcit, ainsi lâhistoricitĂ© dâun lieu ou dâune pĂ©riode sâefface au profit de lâimmĂ©diatetĂ© de lâinformation. La mise en lumiĂšre de ce paradoxe me paraĂźt ici Ă propos pour Ă©voquer la piĂšce To be or not to be Avignon, Ă©crite et jouĂ©e par Stephan Caso ..
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