Estudio inmunomodulador in vitro de los derivados del ácido hidroxicinámico

75 p.INTRODUCCIÓN: El sistema inmune es el sistema de defensa corporal involucrado en la protección contra microorganismos patógenos. En los últimos años, se enfatiza la investigación al estudio de alimentos que ofrecen beneficios para la salud y reducen el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades, particularmente, el efecto inmunomodulador donde dicho alimento funcional estimularía la respuesta inmune frente a una injuria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un cultivo celular de mononucleares donde se probaron 5 compuestos aislados del Ácido Hidroxicinámico y se estudió el efecto inmunomodulador in vitro mediante ensayos de fagocitosis donde se evaluó la fagocitosis porcentual y el índice fagocítico, reducción de NBT para evaluar la producción ROS, proliferación celular por reducción de MTT y cuantificación de nitritos y nitratos celulares con ensayo de Griess. RESULTADOS: El Ácido cafeico y la Inosina son los compuestos que mostraron los valores más altos de proliferación celular superando el 100% sobre el control, también la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno con valores estadísticamente significativos por sobre el 300% para ácido cafeico, con respecto al control. La fagocitosis porcentual y el índice fagocítico presentan valores estadísticamente significativas con respecto al control, y la concentración de óxido nítrico en comparación con la células controles, también presentan valores con significancia estadística. CONCLUSIÓN: La proliferación celular, la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno y la producción de óxido nítrico sobre monocitos aislados de sangre periférica presentan un aumento estadísticamente significativo al ser incubadas con compuestos derivados del ácido hidroxicinámico, en comparación con células sin compuestos. Asimismo, la fagocitosis porcentual y el índice fagocítico presentan la misma tendencia

Is the Occupational job stability the way to guarantee the Health Right consecrated in law 1751 of 2015?

En este trabajo, se analiza el impacto de las teorías jurídicas y jurisprudenciales y su desarrollo para actualizar el concepto de estabilidad reforzada. Valiéndose del carácter reforzado que se le ha otorgado a la estabilidad ocupacional, para ampliar la protección a un mayor sector de la población. A continuación, analiza las consideraciones relativas al derecho a la salud plasmada en la Sentencia SU 049 de 2017, Sentencia T 760 de 2008 y Ley 1751 de 2015. De igual manera, analiza el principio de universalidad en el derecho a la salud y el carácter subjetivo del principio de sostenibilidad financiera, definiendo normativamente su alcance económico. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunas conclusiones.In this document, it proposes to analyze the impact of legal and jurisprudential theories and their development to update the concept of reinforced stability. Using the reinforced character that has been granted to occupational stability, to extend protection to a larger sector of the population. Next, it analyzes the considerations related to the right to health embodied in Sentence SU 049 of 2017, judgment T 760 of 2008, Law 1751 of 2015. Likewise, it analyzes the principle of universality in the right to health and the subjective nature of the principle of financial sustainability, normatively defining its economic scope. Finally, it will offer some conclusions.Magíster en Derecho Laboral y de la Seguridad SocialMaestrí

Multitemporal LMDI index decomposition analysis to explain the changes of ACI by the power sector in Latin America and the Caribbean between 1990-2017

This paper analyzes the drivers behind the changes of the Aggregate Carbon Intensity (ACI) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) power sector in five periods between 1990 and 2017. Since 1990 the carbon intensity of the world has been reduced almost 8.8% whereas the carbon intensity of LAC countries only decreased 0.8%. Even though by 2017 the regional carbon intensity is very similar to the one observed by 1990, this index has showed high variability, mainly in the last three years when the ACI of LAC fell from 285 gCO2/kWh in 2015 to 257.7 gCO2/kWh. To understand what happened with the evolution of the carbon intensity in the region, in this paper a Logarithmic Mean Divisia for Index Decomposition Analysis (IDA-LMDI) is carried out to identify the accelerating and attenuating drivers of the ACI behavior along five periods. The proposal outperforms existing studies previously applied to LAC based upon a single period of analysis. Key contributions are introduced by considering the type of fuel used in power plants as well as specific time-series of energy flows and CO2 emissions by country. Results reveal structural reasons for the increase of the ACI in 1995-2003 and 2008-2015, and intensity reasons for the decrease of the ACI in 1990-1995, 2003-2008 and 2015-2017

Decomposition Analysis of the Aggregate Carbon Intensity (ACI) of the Power Sector in Colombia—A Multi-Temporal Analysis

This paper presents the application of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis (LMDI) to the aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) of the power sector in Colombia in the period 1990–2020, with the aim of identifying the main drivers influencing the ACI change. The analysis performed identifies the main drivers among: carbon intensity, generation efficiency, and contribution of fossil generation at the specific and total level of electricity production. The analysis is performed at the aggregate and disaggregated level of fossil fuels. Due to the highly variable behavior of the ACI, a multi-temporal decomposition is performed in the eight presidential administrations in the period of analysis. For each period, the main drivers are identified and the energy policy implications and their effects on the operation and management of the power sector are analyzed. The results show that the main driver is the fossil share of total energy production. Important effects on thermal generation efficiency and fossil energy mix were also identified in some analysis periods. The need for effective long-term policies and regulation in relation to the factors influencing the ACI was identified. It is recommended to accelerate the diversification of the energy mix of the power sector and the permanent monitoring of the behavior of the drivers

Diseño de una solución para la planeación integrada de materia prima, producción e inventarios de Clonhadas ltda

La planeación de la compra de materia prima, de la producción y de inventario es esencial para cualquier empresa. Si se tiene una planificación de cada una de las fases, las empresas no se van a preocupar por ventas perdidas o inventario faltante en los puntos de venta. Por ello, se pretende realizar un aplicativo en Excel que incluya estas fases para una empresa textil que presenta problemas de incumplimiento de demanda, debido a que no cuentan con métodos eficientes para pronosticarla ni planear la producción. Para los pronósticos de la demanda se propone utilizar el Método Winters, para la planeación de la producción se implementa el algoritmo genético a través del lenguaje de Visual Basic (VBA) con el fin de minimizar los costos de producción y las cantidades a almacenar por EOQ, por último, para la planeación de materia prima se hace uso de la técnica de Planificación de Requerimientos de Material.Planning the purchase of raw materials, production and inventory is essential for any company. By planning each of the phases, companies are not going to worry about lost sales or missing inventory. Therefore, it is intended to carry out an application in Excel that includes these phases for a textile company that has problems of non-compliance with demand, because they do not have efficient methods to forecast it or plan production. For the forecasts of the demand it is proposed to use the Winters Method, for the planning of the production the genetic algorithm is implemented through the Visual Basic language (VBA) in order to minimize the production costs and the quantities to be stored by EOQ, lastly, for planning raw materials, the Material Requirements Planning technique is used.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Niveles de actividad física en adolescentes de Colombia

Background: to determine physical activity levels of a group of school adolescents in Bogota, by correlating the results of PAQ-A questionnaire with anthropometric and physical condition variables. Methods: population data were derived from PAQ-A questionnaire results, the EUROFIT battery and anthropometric measurements applied to 199 students (age= of 15,91 ± 0,93 years), correlating findings between the PAQ-A questionnaire with anthropometric measurements variables and physical condition; T test for independent samples was used. Results: except for flexibility capacity, values of p<0.05 were found in all physical condition variables. However, the anthropometric measurements did not yield significant values. Conclusion: high levels of physical activity are associated with good physical condition in adolescents, while anthropometric variables showed no association with levels of physical activity in this particular group.Objetivo: determinar los niveles de actividad física de un grupo de adolescentes escolares de Bogotá, mediante la correlación de los resultados del cuestionario PAQ-A con variables antropométricas y de condición física. Método: los datos de estudio se obtuvieron del cuestionario PAQ-A, la batería EUROFIT y la toma de medidas antropométricas aplicada a 199 estudiantes (edad= 15,91 ± 0,93 años), a fin de encontrar la relación entre el PAQ-A con variables de medidas antropométricas y de condición física se utiliza una prueba T para muestras independientes. Resultados: exceptuando la capacidad de la flexibilidad, se encuentran valores de p<0.05 en todas las variables de condición física; por el contrario, las medidas antropométricas no arrojaron valores significativos. Conclusión: altos niveles de actividad física se asocian con una buena condición física en adolescentes, mientras que las variables antropométricas no tienen asociación con los niveles de actividad física en este grupo particular

Hemicolectomía radical laparoscópica: opción de mínima invasión para el cáncer de colon

Introduction. Colon cancer is one of the main causes of morbimortality in the world. Colombia counts near 145,600 new cases per year. The reports of laparoscopic intervention in this pathology are growing, but in Colombia there is little recent work on the matter. The aim of this article is to show how this pathology can be addressed through a minimally invasive procedure, laparoscopic right colectomy, which is not frequently used in the country. Clinical case. An 86-year-old patient consults due to weight loss, adynamia and abdominal pain on right side. Iron-deficiency anemia and hidden blood in feces was reported. The digestive endoscopies show the presence of a vegetant and ulcerated lesion of neoplastic appearance in the cecum. A biopsy revealed a moderately differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma with areas of necrosis. A laparoscopic right colectomy is conducted. Definitive report of moderately differentiated and ulcerated, invasive, mucinous adenocarcinoma, with lesion up to the serous membrane. Follow up is conducted with neoadjuvant therapy by the Clinical Oncology service. Discussion. Adenocarcinoma is one of the most common primary cancers in the colon. Surgical still an excellent alternative for the management of this kind of tumor. In Colombia, the majority of these resections are carried out by open surgery. However, laparoscopic resection is a method that offers similar outcomes to the traditional procedure, while providing a reduction in the inflammatory response, with better pain control and control of functional limitations. Conclusions. Laparoscopic colectomy for the resection of colonic tumors is a safe, effective and reproducible method. However, it requires high-cost technology and it must be conducted by a surgical team skilled and experienced in manual laparoscopic suturing. Introducción. El cáncer de colon es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. En Colombia se presentan cerca de 145,600 casos nuevos al año. Cada vez son más los reportes de este tipo de patologías intervenidas por vía laparoscópica, aunque son pocos en Colombia. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el abordaje de esta patología mediante un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo: la colectomía derecha por vía laparoscópica, el cual es poco utilizado en el país. Caso clínico. Paciente de 86 años que consulta por pérdida de peso, adinamia y dolor abdominal en flanco derecho. Presenta además anemia ferropénica y sangre oculta en materia fecal. Las endoscopias digestivas muestran lesión ulcerada vegetante de aspecto neoplásico a nivel del ciego. La biopsia revela adenocarcinoma infiltrante moderadamente diferenciado con áreas de necrosis. Se realiza una colectomía derecha por técnica laparoscópica. Se hace seguimiento con neoadyuvancia por parte de Oncología Clínica. Discusión. El adenocarcinoma es uno de los cánceres primarios más comunes en el colon. La resección quirúrgica es una excelente alternativa para el manejo y tratamiento de estos tumores. En Colombia, la mayoría de estas resecciones se realizan por vía abierta. La resección por vía laparoscópica es un método que demuestra similar eficacia, ofreciendo una disminución en la respuesta inflamatoria, con mejor control del dolor y limitaciones funcionales. Conclusiones. La colectomía por vía laparoscópica para resección de tumores de colon es un método seguro, eficaz y reproducible. Sin embargo, exige tecnología de alto costo y debe ser realizada por un grupo quirúrgico con habilidad y experiencia en sutura manual laparoscópica

Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change.

The conference papers of the Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change collect pedagogical experiences, research reports, and reflections about social issues, language teaching, teaching training, interculturality under the panorama of the Covid-19 pandemic. Each paper invites the reader to implement changes in their teaching practice through disruptive pedagogies, reflect on the social and emotional consequences of the lockdown, new paths for teacher training and different approaches for teaching interculturality. We expect to inspire new ways to train pre-service teachers and teach languages in this changing times

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks