39 research outputs found
Generating random networks with given degree-degree correlations and degree-dependent clustering
Random networks are widely used to model complex networks and research their
properties. In order to get a good approximation of complex networks
encountered in various disciplines of science, the ability to tune various
statistical properties of random networks is very important. In this manuscript
we present an algorithm which is able to construct arbitrarily degree-degree
correlated networks with adjustable degree-dependent clustering. We verify the
algorithm by using empirical networks as input and describe additionally a
simple way to fix a degree-dependent clustering function if degree-degree
correlations are given.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
FC St. Pauli : eine Marke im Wandel der Zeit
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit befasst sich mit dem Marke „FC St. Pauli von 1910 e.V. und der Frage, wie sie sich im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt hat. Geprüft wird, wie der Verein es geschafft hat, vom Stadtteilverein zur deutschlandweit bekannten Marke zu werden. Durch empirische Auswertung von Umfragen wird die aktuelle Wahrnehmung vom Verein betrachtet und wie hat sie sich im Laufe der Zeit durch die Einführung der Marke St. Pauli geändert hat. Anhand einer Analyse der Marke St. Pauli und einen Blick auf die verschiedenen Marketingmaßnahmen des Vereins wird der Wandel der Marke aufgezeigt
Overcoming losses with gain in a negative refractive index metamaterial
On the basis of a full-vectorial three-dimensional Maxwell-Bloch approach we
investigate the possibility of using gain to overcome losses in a negative
refractive index fishnet metamaterial. We show that appropriate placing of
optically pumped laser dyes (gain) into the metamaterial structure results in a
frequency band where the nonbianisotropic metamaterial becomes amplifying. In
that region both the real and the imaginary part of the effective refractive
index become simultaneously negative and the figure of merit diverges at two
distinct frequency points.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Truth and Wishful Thinking: How Interindividual Differences in Communal Motives Manifest in Momentary Partner Perceptions
Although rooted in reality, partner perceptions often reflect wishful thinking due to perceivers' needs. Dispositional needs, or motives, can differ between persons; however, little is known about their differential associations with everyday partner perception. The present study used data from a 4‐week experience sampling study ( N = up to 60942 surveys from 510 individuals nested in 259 couples) to examine the effects of perceivers' partner‐related implicit and explicit communal motives on the perception of (i) global communal partner behaviour and (ii) specific communal and uncommunal partner behaviours. The results of truth and bias models of judgement and quasi‐signal detection analyses indicate that strong implicit communal approach motives and strong explicit communal motives are associated with the tendency to overestimate the partner's communal behaviour. Additionally, strong implicit communal approach motives were associated with the tendency to avoid perceptions of uncommunal partner behaviour. Neither implicit nor explicit communal motives had an effect on accuracy in the perception of particularly communal partner behaviour. The results highlight the relevance of both implicit and explicit communal motives for momentary partner perceptions and emphasise the benefits of dyadic microlongitudinal designs for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which individual differences manifest in couples' everyday lives. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psycholog
Motivational interdependence in couple relationships
This article presents an integrative conceptual model of motivational interdependence in couples, the MIC model. Based on theoretical tenets in motivation psychology, personality psychology, and research on interpersonal perception, the MIC model postulates that two partners' motive dispositions fundamentally interact in shaping their individual motivation and behavior. On a functional level, a partner's motivated behavior is conceptualized as an environmental cue that can contribute to an actor's motive expression and satisfaction. However, the partner's motivated behavior is considered to gain this motivational relevance only via the actor's subjective perception. Multilevel analyses of an extensive experience sampling study on partner-related communal motivation ( N = up to 60,803 surveys from 508 individuals nested in 258 couples) supported the MIC model. Participants, particularly those with strong communal motive dispositions, behaved more communally at moments when they perceived their partners to behave more communally. In addition, participants experienced momentary boosts in satisfaction when they behaved more communally and, at the same time, perceived their partners' behavior as similarly communal. Broader implications of the MIC model for research on romantic relationships are discussed
Personality Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Study of Age Differences
Early adulthood is a time of substantial personality change characterized by large inter–individual diversity. To investigate the role of age in this diversity, the present study examined whether emerging adults differ from an older group of young adults in their Big Five personality development. By means of multi–group latent change modelling, two groups of 16– to 19–year–olds ( n = 3555) and 26– to 29–year–olds ( n = 2621) were tracked over the course of four years and compared regarding four aspects of personality change: mean–level change, rank–order change, inter–individual differences in change, and profile change. In addition, age–differential socialization effects associated with six first–time life events were investigated. Analyses revealed substantial age differences in all four aspects of change. As expected, emerging adults showed greater change and diversity in change than young adults. However, the six life events had no age–differential impact on change in single traits and Big Five profiles. Overall, the results indicate that age differences should be considered even in specific life stages to advance the understanding of personality development
Measuring motivational relationship processes in experience sampling: A reliability model for moments, days, and persons nested in couples
The investigation of within-person process models, often done in experience sampling designs, requires a reliable assessment of within-person change. In this paper, we focus on dyadic intensive longitudinal designs where both partners of a couple are assessed multiple times each day across several days. We introduce a statistical model for variance decomposition based on generalizability theory (extending P. E. Shrout & S. P. Lane, 2012), which can estimate the relative proportion of variability on four hierarchical levels: moments within a day, days, persons, and couples. Based on these variance estimates, four reliability coefficients are derived: between-couples, between-persons, within-persons/between-days, and within-persons/between-moments. We apply the model to two dyadic intensive experience sampling studies (n1 = 130 persons, 5 surveys each day for 14 days, ≥ 7508 unique surveys; n2 = 508 persons, 5 surveys each day for 28 days, ≥ 47764 unique surveys). Five different scales in the domain of motivational processes and relationship quality were assessed with 2 to 5 items: State relationship satisfaction, communal motivation, and agentic motivation; the latter consists of two subscales, namely power and independence motivation. Largest variance components were on the level of persons, moments, couples, and days, where within-day variance was generally larger than between-day variance. Reliabilities ranged from .32 to .76 (couple level), .93 to .98 (person level), .61 to .88 (day level), and .28 to .72 (moment level). Scale intercorrelations reveal differential structures between and within persons, which has consequences for theory building and statistical modeling
Control and Dynamic Competition of Bright and Dark Lasing States in Active Nanoplasmonic Metamaterials
Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials support bright and dark modes that compete
for gain. Using a Maxwell-Bloch approach incorporating Langevin noise we study
the lasing dynamics in an active nano-fishnet structure. We report that lasing
of the bright negative-index mode is possible if the higher-Q dark mode is
discriminated by gain, spatially or spectrally. The nonlinear competition
during the transient phase is followed by steady-state emission where bright
and dark modes can coexist. We analyze the influence of pump intensity and
polarization and explore methods for mode control.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe