Book Review of, Green Persuasion: Advertising, Voluntarism, and America’s Public Lands

This richly illustrated, well-written, and well-researched book is difficult to categorize. It offers rewards for scholars with both particular and broad interests in environmental history, as well as for the general reader

Traveling the past into the present : the region\u27s highways and byways

Reviews the work of Oregon\u27s first surveyors and cartographers, and compares early maps to the modern landscape

A Student Bill of Rights

This Student Bill of Rights was created by two sections of Immigration, Migration, and Belonging, a year-long Freshman Inquiry class largely composed of students from under-represented backgrounds

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Razing Kids: Youth, Environment, and the Postwar American West

Razing Kids: Youth, Environment, and the Postwar American West is an ambitious, well-written, and well-researched study of relationships, imagined and actual, between the environment and children from roughly 1940 to 1990. Although it only partially delivers on being more than the sum of its parts, those parts are very impressive. The monograph’s five main chapters are, as Sanders puts it, “five case studies”: the dense housing projects that arose during the war; the experiences of and discourses concerning children affected by nuclear testing in the Cold War Era; the War on Poverty’s Youth Conservation Corps; the concomitant movement of “flower children” to utopian places; and the contrasting roles of the children of migrant farm workers and progressive baby boomers in movements concerned with food production and consumption late in the century. Sanders aspires to link these diverse chapters by unpacking the pun in the book’s title, namely that so many people of the postwar American West were both fixated on raising happy and healthy youth even though familial prosperity “seemed to require razing, or at least neglecting, the environments and health of some youth so that others could thrive” (p. 7). “Utopian provincialism” was an uneasy bedfellow with “environmental inequality” (p. 15). More broadly, Sanders suggests that postwar youth served as “an indicator species” for anxious adults, a term that seems apt. The case studies could more fully and clearly establish and analyze the ways in which mainstream environmentalism perpetuated and disguised class and race privilege. Was the gap between the child-centered rhetoric used to justify instant communities such as Vanport, Oregon, and their slipshod reality an illustration of class tension and bias or simply another case of improvising to win the war? The chapter on the Youth Conservation Corps certainly illustrates “the high level of constructive idealism and hubris among planners in the period,” and the chapter has some fine material on the strained relationships between urban youth and their reluctant host communities (p. 161). But the author might have connected these developments more closely to environmental racism, for example. The book’s last chapter best supports its more ambitious arguments, as Sanders shows how a concern for the health of farmworkers’ children in food production in the 1960s inexorably morphed into a self-interested focus on the nature of food consumed by upper-middle-class urban children, though even here it would be helpful to know more about whether or not many historical actors noted this irony. But if the book’s themes are disparate, the prose is engaging and clear, the chapters well organized, the research impressive. The author’s focus on the intersection of youth and environmentalism sheds new light and insights on familiar topics, such as the Summer of Love, and enriches diverse fields of study, including western history, environmental history, and the history of the family