Comparative Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Kushthaghna Mahakashaya and its Ghanavati w.s.r. to evaluate its shelf life

In this present era of utilization of active principles as a medicine the basic formulations of Bhaishajya Kalpana remain a main source for modern research. The basic formulations are described as Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpanas. Out of these Kashaya Kalpanas, Kwatha Kalpana is an important formulation which is having more potency after Swarasa and Kalka Kalpana. Kashaya has very short shelf life (Saveeryatavadhi). These Kashayas cannot be preserved for longer period. These have to be prepared fresh every day and also the method of preparation is time consuming. Rasakriya (Ghana) is a type of formulation where in the active components can be stored for more days i.e. 3 years (D&C act 161B, w.e.f. 1st April 10). Converting this Kashaya in to Ghana form and then into Ghanavati form may increase the shelf life of the formulation. Along with this it will give a proper shape and dose for the easy administration of medicament. Hence the present research was planned to convert Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Kwatha into Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Ghanavati using standard operating procedure to potentiate active principle in it, and to evaluate shelf life of Kushthaghna Mahakashaya Ghanavati

To study the efficacy of Makarasana as an Agnivardhana Karma

Generally in young age, keeps on doing Mithya Aahara and Vihara which leads to Agnidusthi and which become cause of various diseases. As they work restless, their sedentary habits and stress full lifestyle. They are ought to do Vishamashan, Krodha etc., due to their lifestyle. This type of lifestyle leads to Agnidushti and which becomes cause of various diseases. 80 volunteers of age group 20-40 years were selected for the study. They underwent for clinical study on the basis of number of Lakshanas present. These were taken as subjective parameter and which were Samanya and Vishesh Lakshanas. Those were Arochaka, Vidagdha Udgara, Vishtambha, Aadhmana, Anga-Marda, Atijrumbha, Shirshula, Guru Gatrata, Utklesh. Jarana Kala and Abhyavaharan Shakti were objective parameters, as these two are important to assess Agni of a person. For Jarana Kala gradation was done on the basis of hours of time taken to show Laghuta and Kshuda Bodha, because these are Jeerna Aahara Lakshanas. For Abhyavaran Shakti gradation was done on the basis of quantity of food. To assess Agnivardhana, specific diet chart was prepared by considering their daily requirement of calorie. Volunteers were advised to do three Avartana of Makarasana in the morning; Significant changes were seen in Abhyavaharana Shakti in both groups. 56.7% relief in group A and 72% relief were seen. There were significant changes seen in Jaran Kala in both groups. 54.9% relief in Group A and 74% relief in Group B

Study of Aushadh Sevan Kala in Kaphaja Kasa Vyadhi using Nagaradi Yoga w.s.r. to Grasantar Kala

The present study entitled ‘Study of Aushadha Sevana Kala in Kaphaj Kasa Vyadhi using Nagaradi Yoga with special reference to ‘Grasantar Kala’. Here Clinical study regarding “Kaphaj Kasa” Vyadhi was carried with the help of “Nagaradi Yoga” administered in Grasantar Kala in Group A and at Adhobhakta Kala in Group B 32 patients in each group have been studied with treatment and follow up after each 3 days upto 15 days. Clinical assessment of the patients was done by using criteria regarding Kasa included parameter like no. of Kasa Vega, Kapha Nishtivana, Aruchi, Agnimandya, Chhardi, Utklesha, Gaurava and Peenas. Assessment was done on the basis of scoring pattern designed for them. Asyamadhurya, Kaphapurna Deha, Praliptata, Sashakta Vaishamya and Lomharsha was not observed in any of the patients in this study in any of the group. As data was not available on the above said symptoms, statistical analysis of the symptoms is not needful. When drug was administered at Grasantara Kala more percentage of improvement is observed regarding almost all parameters showed in observation and results. So, it can be statistically concluded that drug administered in Grasantara Bheshaj Kala i.e. 95.84% shows maximum result in Kaphaja Kasa Vyadhi than Adhobhakta Kala i.e. 82.51%

Fluid flow in wall-driven enclosures with corrugated bottom

In this article, incompressible, continuum regime, viscous flow of Newtonian fluid in two-dimensional (2D) wall-driven enclosures consisting of regular, square shaped, corrugations on the bottom wall is studied numerically. Steady and consistent simulation results are obtained using kinetic theory based lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBM) and solution of Navier-Stokes equation based on fictitious domain method (FDM). First, numerical validation is performed by comparing LBM and FDM results for velocity profiles at particular sections inside the enclosures and vertical velocity gradient at the top of the corrugation cavity. Flow features are then compared for variations in Reynolds number, bottom-wall corrugation height and number of these corrugations. Further, complex eddy dynamics with respect to input parameters and geometry is discussed in detail. Flow transition Reynolds numbers showing distinct flow behavior are found. The numerical results obtained are verified and appear to be consistent with the previously published results for 2D flow inside slender and shallow cavity enclosures

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Study of Medico-Legal Cases of negligence admitted and judgement delivered under Consumer Forum in Sangli District

In Kautilya Arthashastra it has been mentioned that doctor (Vaidya) should be punished for his negligence and now in our era we learn about this act under Medicolegal Ethics in Forensic Science and Medical Jurisprudence. In our country percentage of illiterate people is on higher side due to which they are cheated. Hence these people are unaware of rights and services provided by them by law. The aim of this study was to understand the concept of consumer protection act and its relation with medical sciences and correlation with ancient literature. And also to evaluate false or malpractices and to study the difference between civil and criminal negligence and also to find out preventive measures for it. The study of medicolegal cases was done from the cases registered in Sangli Consumer District Forum, Sangli district. Medicolegal cases between January 2001 to December 2010 were collected from Sangli district consumer forum. Total 12 medicolegal cases were sort out. Each case was studied in detail. The study shows that percentage of medicolegal cases in government hospitals and institutes is more than private hospitals. All medicolegal cases were found in allopathy system of medicine

Finite volume TVD formulation of lattice Boltzmann simulation on unstructured mesh

A numerical scheme is presented for accurate simulation of fluid flow using the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) on unstructured mesh. A finite volume approach is adopted to discretize the LBE on a cell-centered, arbitrary shaped, triangular tessellation. The formulation includes a formal, second order discretization using a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme for the terms representing advection of the distribution function in physical space, due to microscopic particle motion. The advantage of the LBE approach is exploited by implementing the scheme in a new computer code to run on a parallel computing system. Performance of the new formulation is systematically investigated by simulating four benchmark flows of increasing complexity, namely (1) flow in a plane channel, (2) unsteady Couette flow, (3) flow caused by a moving lid over a 2D square cavity and (4) flow over a circular cylinder. For each of these flows, the present scheme is validated with the results from Navier-Stokes computations as well as lattice Boltzmann simulations on regular mesh. It is shown that the scheme is robust and accurate for the different test problems studied

Impact of wild animal invasion on human society in Ajara Tehsil: A geographical analysis

Man and animals are continually at odds over habitat and food requirements due to the expanding human population and the loss of natural environments. This topic has been acknowledged as a severe challenge by several countries. It is significant to many people. There are numerous human communities. Because they are located in thickly forested areas, forest communities are the most sensitive to this problem. The points where human needs and those of wild creatures collide In the Ajara tehsil, located in the southern part of the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra. However, no comprehensive research on man-wildlife conflict in these villages has yet been conducted. As a result, the current study aimed to identify the numerous wild creatures involved in violence in the region's forest settlements. The study discovered that three conflict animals were most typically related to the problem in these villages

The 24th international conference on discrete simulation of fluid dynamics in Edinburgh, Scotland

The Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics (DSFD) series of conferences originated with the 1986 Los Alamos conference organised by Gary D. Doolen. Since that time, the DSFD conferences have emerged as the premier forum for researchers in the field, and many exciting new discoveries in lattice models of fluid dynamics have been announced at DSFD conferences. Topics emphasised at these meetings include lattice Boltzmann schemes, dissipative particle dynamics, smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, direct simulation Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, quantum Monte Carlo methods, multiparticle collision dynamics and hybrid methods. At the 23rd edition of DSFD in Paris 2014, we were given the privilege of organising the 24th running of the meeting series in Edinburgh, from 13th to 17th July 2015 at the Royal Society of Edinburgh, which names Adam Smith, Joseph Black and Benjamin Franklin among its founding fellows. Edinburgh is Scotland’s truly cosmopolitan capital. Apart from its amazing castle and Arthur’s Seat (an ancient volcanic plug), parts of the city centre are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Numerous famous scientists have been born or worked in Edinburgh, for example Alexander Graham Bell, Max Born, Charles Darwin, Peter Higgs or James Clerk Maxwell. We were delighted to host a total of 164 attendees, 60 of whom were students, from 21 countries. We enjoyed twelve invited talks and 100 contributed talks. There were 29 posters and 16 flash presentations. We had, of course, a great deal of help in preparing the meeting, particularly from The University of Edinburgh, our colleagues on the Scientific Committee, the conference venue the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and this Journal for the publication of this Special Issue. We are also grateful to the following for their financial support, without which arranging the meeting would have been impossible: Porous Media, Processes and Mathematics; SoftComp; the British Heart Foundation; Sphere Fluidics; Electric Ant Lab; The American Physical Society; UK- COMES, the UK Consortium on Mesoscale Engineering Sciences; SUPA, the Scottish 1 Universities Physics Alliance; our colleagues from the Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems at the School of Physics and Astronomy through their EPSRC Programme Grant; Cray, the Supercomputer Company, and NVIDIA. We are very pleased that with this Special Issue the Journal of Computational Science has given us the opportunity to present the latest developments in theory and application of discrete simulation methods for fluid dynamics. Topics discussed at the conference include the theory of lattice Boltzmann, e.g. the mathematical lattice structure [14], mixed quadratures for finite Knudsen number flows [1], optimisation of pseudopotential models [6], phase-field models for multiphase flows [18] and axisymmetric multiphase models [13]. Other presenters focussed on various lattice Boltzmann applications, such as the simulation of harbour seal vibrissae [10], diffusivity and reactivity of nanoporous catalyst media [9], rare cell capture in obstacle arrays [3] and the PowerFLOW solver for multi-component engineering applications [12]. A specific emphasis was put on droplet dynamics through various simulation methods, including droplet dynamics in confinement [4], bounce regime of droplet collisions [19], contact angle hysteresis of microdroplets on structured surfaces [2] and phase-field simulations of partially wetted and textured surfaces [16]. One of the conference topics was multiscale problems in fluid dynamics, for instance the coupling for lattice Boltzmann and conventional Navier-Stokes solvers [11], a hybrid molecular-dynamics/fluctuating-hydrodynamics model [5] and direct-simulation-Monte- Carlo/lattice-Boltzmann mapping for gas flows [15]. Finally, the conference featured a number of multi-physics applications, including inertial dilute particle flow with an Euler- Euler lattice Boltzmann method [17], lattice Boltzmann for light simulation and radiative transport through absorbing and scattering media [8] and jet electro-hydrodynamics [7]. We hope these contributions will be of interest and value to readers from a wide range of subject areas and form a reference for future development of discrete simulation methods of fluid dynamics