Costos y viabilidad económica de la producción y comercialización de la conserva de trucha (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en escabeche

Puno is the first rainbow trout producing region in Peru. The objective of the study was to study the feasibility of giving added value to trout. The cost analysis and financial viability of the production of six types of canned pickled trout preserves were considered. The fillets were obtained from trout fed with three commercial foods (Salmofood®, Naltech® and Tomasino®) and the preserves had two presentations (can vs. glass). The production costs were calculated through a documented record of data at market prices. The general theory of production costs was applied and through the cash flow financial tool the profitability indicators were found. The financial net present value (NPVf) was positive for all six presentations. The internal rate of return (IRR), both for canning (34.5, 37.5 and 42.8%) and for glass canning (34.7, 38.2 and 44.3%) was higher than the opportunity cost of capital (COK) and in both cases, the benefit-cost ratio (B/C) was similar and greater than one (1.05, 1.06 and 1.07) for the three commercial foods, respectively. The capital recovery period was between 5 and 6 years for the two types of preserves. In conclusion, the pickled trout canning project is profitable and, therefore, its investment is recommended to contribute to the sustainability of production and improve the income of producers in the region.Puno es la primera región productora de truchas arcoíris en el Perú. El estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la factibilidad de dar valor agregado a la trucha. Se consideró el análisis de costos y la viabilidad financiera de la producción de seis tipos de conservas de trucha en escabeche. Los filetes fueron obtenidos de truchas alimentadas con tres alimentos comerciales (Salmofood®, Naltech® y Tomasino®) y las conservas tuvieron dos presentaciones (lata vs. vidrio). Los costos de producción se calcularon mediante un registro documentado de datos a precios de mercado. Se aplicó la teoría general de costos de producción y mediante la herramienta financiera de flujo de caja se hallaron los indicadores de rentabilidad. El valor actual neto financiero (VANf) fue positivo para las seis presentaciones. La tasa interna de retorno (TIR), tanto para la conserva de lata (34.5, 37.5 y 42.8%) como para la conserva en vidrio (34.7, 38.2 y 44.3%) fue mayor al costo de oportunidad del capital (COK) y en ambos casos la ratio beneficio-costo (B/C) fue similar y mayor a uno (1.05, 1.06 y 1.07) para los tres alimentos comerciales, respectivamente. El periodo de recuperación del capital estuvo entre 5 y 6 años para los dos tipos de conservas. En conclusión, el proyecto de elaboración de conservas de trucha en escabeche es rentable y, por tanto, es recomendable su inversión para contribuir con la sostenibilidad de la producción y mejorar los ingresos de los productores de la región

Respuesta productiva de truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) al régimen alimenticio con alimentos comerciales bajo condiciones de crianza intensiva en el Lago Titicaca

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two feeding regimes (7 vs 6 d) and three commercial foods (TO= Tomasino®, NA= Naltech® and SA= Salmofood®) on the productive-commercial performance and organ development. of rainbow trout in the fattening phase under conditions of Lake Titicaca, Peru. A total of 1080 trout of 185 g live weight (LW), 26.5 cm total length (TL) and 1.00 body condition index (BCI) were randomly placed in 36 1.2x1.2x1.6 m nylon cages (30 trout/cage). The control of productive parameters (LW, TL and feed consumption) was carried out at 30, 60 and 90 d. The BCI, the mean daily feed intake (DFI), the mean daily weight gain (DWG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The carcass yield (CY), fillet yield (FY), pigmentation (MP) and the relative weight of the organs were determined at 215 d. The feeding regime did not affect the LW, TL and BCI, but the 7-d feeding had a better FCR (1.12 vs 1.25; p<0.001). Feeding with TO and NA produced lower DFI (3.7, 4.0 and 4.3 g/d; p<0.001), lower DWG (2.9, 3.3 and 4.1 g/d; p<0.001) and worse FCR (1.27, 1.21 and 1.07; p<0.001) with respect to SA at 90 d, respectively. The CY, FY and MP were not affected, but the relative weights of the liver and heart were influenced by feed. It is concluded that the 7-d diet improved feed conversion and pigmentation, while commercial feeds influenced productive performance, pigmentation and relative weight of organs, but not carcass and fillet yield of trout.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos regímenes de alimentación (7 vs 6 d) y de tres alimentos comerciales (TO= Tomasino®, NA= Naltech® y SA= Salmofood®) sobre el rendimiento productivo-comercial y desarrollo de órganos de truchas arcoíris en la fase de engorde en condiciones de lago Titicaca, Perú. Un total de 1080 truchas de 185 g de peso vivo (PV), 26.5 cm longitud total (LT) y 1.00 de índice de condición corporal (ICC) fueron colocadas al azar en 36 jaulas de nylon de 1.2x1.2x1.6 m (30 truchas/jaula). El control de parámetros productivos (PV, LT y consumo de alimento) fue realizado a los 30, 60 y 90 d. Se determinó el ICC, el consumo medio diario de alimento (CMD), la ganancia media diaria de peso (GMD) y el índice de conversión alimenticia (ICA). El rendimiento de canal (RC), de filete (RF), la pigmentación (PF) y el peso relativo de los órganos se determinó a los 215 d. El régimen alimenticio no afectó el PV, LT y ICC, pero la alimentación de 7 d tuvo mejor ICA (1.12 vs 1.25; p<0.001). La alimentación con TO y NA produjeron menor CMD (3.7, 4.0 y 4.3 g/d; p<0.001), menor GMD (2.9, 3.3 y 4.1 g/d; p<0.001) y peor ICA (1.27, 1.21 y 1.07; p<0.001) respecto a SA a los 90 d, respectivamente. El RC, RF y PF no fueron afectados, pero el peso relativo del hígado y corazón fue influenciado por los alimentos. Se concluye, que el régimen alimenticio de 7 d mejoró la conversión alimenticia y la pigmentación, en tanto que los alimentos comerciales influyeron en el rendimiento productivo, la pigmentación y en el peso relativo de los órganos, pero no en el rendimiento de canal y filete de las truchas

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

SARS-CoV-2 viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs is not an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome

The aim was to assess the ability of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load at first patient’s hospital evaluation to predict unfavorable outcomes. We conducted a prospective cohort study including 321 adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 through RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs. Quantitative Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA cycle threshold values were used to calculate the viral load in log10 copies/mL. Disease severity at the end of follow up was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Primary endpoint was a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death (n = 85, 26.4%). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load over the second quartile (≥ 7.35 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.003) and second tertile (≥ 8.27 log10 copies/mL, p = 0.01) were associated to unfavorable outcome in the unadjusted logistic regression analysis. However, in the final multivariable analysis, viral load was not independently associated with an unfavorable outcome. Five predictors were independently associated with increased odds of ICU admission and/or death: age ≥ 70 years, SpO2, neutrophils > 7.5 × 103/µL, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 300 U/L, and C-reactive protein ≥ 100 mg/L. In summary, nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load on admission is generally high in patients with COVID-19, regardless of illness severity, but it cannot be used as an independent predictor of unfavorable clinical outcome

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection

Humanizar emprendiendo: homenaje a Rafael Alvira

Este cuaderno contiene "El Instituto y Rafael Alvira" "La carta 9 de Séneca" "Rafael Alvira: la castiza filosofía del hombre que vuelve" "Añoranza del humanismo necesario" "Una reflexión filosófica sobre lo económico: comentario a un texto de Rafael Alvira" "La dimensión societaria de la economía y de la empresa" "Sobre el espíritu aristocrático y el empresario: responsabilidades de ayer, responsabilidades de hoy" "Sobre el sistema de los derechos del hombre: el punto de vista de Charles Péguy" "El hogar familiar: espacio de lo eterno" "¿Filosofar con el martillo o con la empresa?" "Qué queremos decir cuando hablamos de desarrollo" "Tipologías de la información económico-financiera en la empresa. Valores y valoración" "Rafael Alvira y la Universidad de Montevideo" "Breve introducción al examen sistemático de “Cristianismo y empresarialidad”" "La realidad del poder en la familia y en la empresa familiar" "El todo y la parte. Alabanza de la sinécdoque" "Las raíces del liderazgo auténtico. Una fenomenología básica" "Algunas consideraciones sobre el poder político

Adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis using mobile technology. The MASK Study

Background: Mobile technology may help to better understand the adherence to treatment. MASK-rhinitis (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) is a patient-centred ICT system. A mobile phone app (the Allergy Diary) central to MASK is available in 22 countries. Objectives: To assess the adherence to treatment in allergic rhinitis patients using the Allergy Diary App. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all users who filled in the Allergy Diary from 1 January 2016 to 1 August 2017. Secondary adherence was assessed by using the modified Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and the Proportion of days covered (PDC) approach. Results: A total of 12143 users were registered. A total of 6949 users reported at least one VAS data recording. Among them, 1887 users reported >= 7 VAS data. About 1195 subjects were included in the analysis of adherence. One hundred and thirty-six (11.28%) users were adherent (MPR >= 70% and PDC = 70% and PDC = 1.50) and 176 (14.60%) were switchers. On the other hand, 832 (69.05%) users were non-adherent to medications (MPR Conclusion and clinical relevance: Adherence to treatment is low. The relative efficacy of continuous vs on-demand treatment for allergic rhinitis symptoms is still a matter of debate. This study shows an approach for measuring retrospective adherence based on a mobile app. This also represents a novel approach for analysing medication-taking behaviour in a real-world setting.Peer reviewe

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018) : Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.Peer reviewe

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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