97 research outputs found

    Steroidal glycosides from the flowers of Allium leucanthum

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    Furostanol and spirostanol glycosides 1 and 2 were isolated from the flowers of Allium leucanthum, a Caucasian endemic species that grows in Georgia. The structures were established on the base of chemical evidence and spectral analyses ( (1) H, (13) C NMR, (1) H- (1) H COSY, (1) H- (13) C COSY, HMBC, and HR-MS) data. Compound 1 (leucofuranoside A) was reported for the first time and was identified as 26-O-beta-Dglucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,6 beta-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-alactopyranoside. Compound 2 was identified as (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-3 beta,6 beta-diol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside and described for the first time in the genus Allium

    Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of six limonoids

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    Six limonoids [kotschyienone A and B (1, 2), 7-deacetylgedunin (3), 7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin (4), andirobin (5) and methyl angolensate (6)] were investigated for their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities using bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and promastigotes of Leishmania major. Whereas all compounds showed anti-trypanosomal activity, only compounds 1–4 displayed anti-leishmanial activity. The 50% growth inhibition (GI 50) values for the trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of the compounds ranged between 2.5 and 14.9 μM. Kotschyienone A (1) was found to be the most active compound with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 10 μM and GI 50 values between 2.5 and 2.9 μM. Only compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with MIC and GI 50 values of 100 μM and 31.5–46.2 μM, respectively. Compound 1 was also found to show activity against intracellular amastigotes of L. major with a GI 50 value of 1.5 μM. The results suggest that limonoids have potential as drug candidates for the development of new treatments against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis

    Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

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    Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

    Place de la phytothérapie dans la prise en charge de la dépression (conseils à l'officine)

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les algues et les cyanobactéries (potentialités thérapeutiques futures)

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les plantes neurotropes en phytothérapie

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Contribution à l'étude chimique et pharmacologique de Plantago cynops L. et Chionanthus virginicus L.

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    Plantago cynops L. et Chionanthus virginicus L. sont des plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. En Provence, les parties aériennes de P. cynops sont employées par les bergers sous forme de décoction en traitement de la leishmaniose canine. A partir de la décoction, neuf composés ont été isolés et identifiés par des techniques chromatographiques et par RMN (COSY, HMBC et HMQC) : Le b-sitostérol, l acide oléanolique, l aucubine, l acide géniposidique, le bartsioside, le caryoptoside, le plantarenaloside, l isoverbascoside et le verbascoside (la majorité ayant été décrite dans la plante). L aucubine, le plantarenaloside et le verbascoside (composé majoritaire) sont quantifiés, pour la première fois, par CLHP dans P. cynops (respectivement 0,08%, 2,8% et 8,3%). L étude antileishmanienne sur Leishmania infantum a été menée sur des extraits et des composés purs. Elle révèle une activité significative (CI50 de 15.4 g/ml) pour l extrait dichlorométhane. L écorce de racine de Chionanthus virginicus est utilisée pour ses propriétés anti-inflammatoire et hépatoprotectrice. Neuf composés ont été isolés par chromatographie liquide préparative et identifiés par CLHP-SM et RMN. Six lignanes : La phillyrine précédemment identifiée ; quatre molécules décrites pour la première fois dans C. virginicus (pinoresinol-diglucoside, pinoresinol-glucoside, acetoxypinoresinol-glucoside et phillyrine-6-O-glucoside) ; et un nouveau lignane : la phillyrine-2-O-glucoside. Trois sécoiridoïdes : deux décrits pour la première fois dans C. virginicus (oleuropeine et ligustroside) et un nouveau sécoiridoïde : le ligustroside-6-O-glucoside. Une méthode CLHP a été développée pour quantifier les deux composés majoritaires (phillyrine et oleuropeine) et les deux classes chimiques (8,7% de lignanes et 5,3% de sécoiridoïdes). Les activités antileishmanienne, antifongique, antioxydante et cytotoxique ont été étudiées in vitro. Les extraits et les lignanes majoritaires révèlent une activité antioxydante significative.Plantago cynops L. and Chionanthus virginicus L. are two plants used in folk medecine. The decoction of P. cynops aerial parts is used by french mediterranean shepherds for dogs in preventive antileishmanial treatment. Nine compounds, whose major was described in plant, were isolated and identified from the decoction by chromatographic methods and by NMR technics (1H, 13C, COSY, HMBC and HMQC). b-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, aucubin, geniposidic acid, bartsioside, caryoptoside, plantarenaloside, isoverbascoside and verbascoside. Aucubin, plantarenaloside and verbascoside (major compound) were quantified by HPLC methods for the first time in this plant (respectivly 0.08%, 2.8% and 8.3%). Antileishmanial activity on Leishmania infantum was studied on different extracts and pure components. A significant activity (IC50: 15.4 g/ml) was found to methylene chloride extract. The root barck of Chionanthus virginicus is used as anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotector. Nine compounds were isolated by liquid chromatography preparative methods and identified by HPLC-MS and NMR. Six lignans: phillyrin (previously described) ; four compounds described for the first time in C. virginicus (pinoresinol-diglucoside, pinoresinol-glucoside, acetoxypinoresinol-glucoside et phillyrine-6-O-glucoside) ; and a new lignan: phillyrine-2-O-glucoside. Three secoiridoids: two identified for the first time in vegetal drug (oleuropein and ligustroside) and a new secoiridoid: ligustroside-6-O-glucoside. An HPLC method is developped to quantify two major compounds (phillyrin and oleuropein) and two chemical families (8.7% of lignans ans 5.3% of secoiridoids). Antileishmanial, antifongic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were tested in vitro. Extracts and lignans showed significant antioxidant activities.AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude ethnopharmacologique de Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze et Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel., deux plantes issues de la médecine traditionnelle africaine

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    AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF
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