Ecología – biopolítica: indagando el rol de la educación

The aim of this research paper consisted in generating a contribution to the concept of ecology from the point of view of an investigation of critical-creative nature which could benefit teacher training from the multidisciplinary observation of a line of research that linked the mainstreaming of education and values communication.The organism-environment relationship – as ecology itself is defined – has been established as a concern that exceeds public opinion setting in academic areas and integrating the curricula at different educational levels through tutorial policies or programs.Having this raised and on the basis of categories granted by the theoretical framework provided by authors such as Foucault, Baudrillard, Deleuze and Guattari, the object of research invited to wonder about the place education occupies in a present-future period; about the training of future guardians of this work in a photographic, static instant, frozen in the present for future generations, among other issues.The methodology was applied in “Green Schools”–an ecology project instituted in different institutions in the City of Buenos Aires–with the intention of implementing an urban environmental planning and management policy. “Green Schools” facilitates content development, training and generates environmental management actions. In its methodology, we have identified some hotspots by the lack of theoretical criterion and an excessive demand for students´ active participation in their community and involvement in setting values.The content of teaching material was analyzed and we found out it does not provide didactic and pedagogical resources enough to carry out the instructive transposition. When attempting this crossing with the analysis of the above mentioned materials, published in print and on the web, we noticed there is no specific theoretical framework to support the teaching-learning equation in relation to these topics.Then, we conclude asserting that if ecology is seen as a set of practices reduced to the produced waste and its processes, it is impossible to relieve them to a more complex analysis with cultural social-educational projection. When we mention “reduced”, we refer to its sense of uniqueness, generator of a loss in value or significance which leads to the impossibility of transforming thought, thus causing deep problematic in matter, what would result optimal for the educational aim.El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en generar un aporte al concepto de ecología desde una investigación de índole crítico-creativa, que contribuyera a la formación docente, a partir de la observación multidisciplinar de una línea de investigación que vincula la transversalidad de la educación y la comunicación de valores. La relación “organismo-entorno” –como se define la ecología a sí misma– se ha establecido como una preocupación que excede a la opinión pública, instalándose en ámbitos académicos e incorporándose a los currículos en diferentes niveles educativos a través de políticas o programas educativos.En este planteo y en base a las categorías que otorgó un marco teórico con autores como Foucault, Baudrillard, Deleuze y principalmente Guattari, el objeto de la investigación nos invitó a preguntarnos acerca del lugar que ocupa la educación en un presente-futuro; sobre la formación de futuros custodios de este mundo en un instante fotográfico, estático, congelado en un presente para generaciones futuras, entre otras cuestiones. La metodología fue aplicada en Escuelas Verdes –proyecto ecológico instituido en las escuelas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires– con la intención de implementar una política de planeamiento y gestión del ambiente urbano. Escuelas Verdes facilita el desarrollo de contenidos, capacitación y genera acciones de gestión ambiental. En la metodología, hemos identificado puntos conflictivos por la carencia de criterio teórico, y una excesiva demanda a los estudiantes para que participen activamente en su comuna y con una puesta de valores. Se analizó el contenido del material para la formación docente y se observó que no brinda elementos didácticos y pedagógicos para la transposición didáctica. Al realizar este cruce con el análisis de los materiales publicados de forma impresa y digital, observamos que no hay un marco teórico específico que fundamente la ecuaciónen señanza-aprendizaje de estos temas. Concluimos, entonces, que si la ecología se observa como un conjunto de prácticas que se reducen a los residuos producidos y sus procesos, es imposible relevarlas a análisis más complejos con una proyección educativa-social-cultural. Cuando mencionamos “reducidas” nos referimos aque la univocidad de sentidos genera pérdida de valor o significancia, conduce a la imposibilidad de transformación de pensamiento, provocando una profunda problematización en la materia, que sería lo óptimo para el fin educativo

Predictive Models for Assessing Patients’ Response to Treatment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer:A Systematic Review

Background and objective: The treatment landscape of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has evolved significantly over the past two decades. Despite this, the optimal therapy for patients with mPCa has not been determined. This systematic review identifies available predictive models that assess mPCa patients’ response to treatment. Methods: We critically reviewed MEDLINE and CENTRAL in December 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Only quantitative studies in English were included with no time restrictions. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the PROBAST tool. Data were extracted following the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews criteria. Key findings and limitations: The search identified 616 citations, of which 15 studies were included in our review. Nine of the included studies were validated internally or externally. Only one study had a low risk of bias and a low risk concerning applicability. Many studies failed to detail model performance adequately, resulting in a high risk of bias. Where reported, the models indicated good or excellent performance. Conclusions and clinical implications: Most of the identified predictive models require additional evaluation and validation in properly designed studies before these can be implemented in clinical practice to assist with treatment decision-making for men with mPCa. Patient summary: In this review, we evaluate studies that predict which treatments will work best for which metastatic prostate cancer patients. We found that existing studies need further improvement before these can be used by health care professionals.</p

Predictive Models for Assessing Patients’ Response to Treatment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer:A Systematic Review

Background and objective: The treatment landscape of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has evolved significantly over the past two decades. Despite this, the optimal therapy for patients with mPCa has not been determined. This systematic review identifies available predictive models that assess mPCa patients’ response to treatment. Methods: We critically reviewed MEDLINE and CENTRAL in December 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Only quantitative studies in English were included with no time restrictions. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the PROBAST tool. Data were extracted following the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews criteria. Key findings and limitations: The search identified 616 citations, of which 15 studies were included in our review. Nine of the included studies were validated internally or externally. Only one study had a low risk of bias and a low risk concerning applicability. Many studies failed to detail model performance adequately, resulting in a high risk of bias. Where reported, the models indicated good or excellent performance. Conclusions and clinical implications: Most of the identified predictive models require additional evaluation and validation in properly designed studies before these can be implemented in clinical practice to assist with treatment decision-making for men with mPCa. Patient summary: In this review, we evaluate studies that predict which treatments will work best for which metastatic prostate cancer patients. We found that existing studies need further improvement before these can be used by health care professionals.</p

Predictive Models for Assessing Patients’ Response to Treatment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer : A Systematic Review

Peer reviewe

Brucella abortus Choloylglycine Hydrolase Affects Cell Envelope Composition and Host Cell Internalization

Choloylglycine hydrolase (CGH, E.C. 3.5.1.24) is a conjugated bile salt hydrolase that catalyses the hydrolysis of the amide bond in conjugated bile acids. Bile salt hydrolases are expressed by gastrointestinal bacteria, and they presumably decrease the toxicity of host's conjugated bile salts. Brucella species are the causative agents of brucellosis, a disease affecting livestock and humans. CGH confers Brucella the ability to deconjugate and resist the antimicrobial action of bile salts, contributing to the establishment of a successful infection through the oral route in mice. Additionally, cgh-deletion mutant was also attenuated in intraperitoneally inoculated mice, which suggests that CGH may play a role during systemic infection other than hydrolyzing conjugated bile acids. To understand the role CGH plays in B. abortus virulence, we infected phagocytic and epithelial cells with a cgh-deletion mutant (Δcgh) and found that it is defective in the internalization process. This defect along with the increased resistance of Δcgh to the antimicrobial action of polymyxin B, prompted an analysis of the cell envelope of this mutant. Two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of Δcgh cell envelope-associated proteins showed an altered expression of Omp2b and different members of the Omp25/31 family. These results were confirmed by Western blot analysis with monoclonal antibodies. Altogether, the results indicate that Brucella CGH not only participates in deconjugation of bile salts but also affects overall membrane composition and host cell internalization

State-of-the-art of spatial arch bridges

The paper describes a new form of bridge called a spatial arch bridge. This bridge type was developed in response to the demand for landmark structures, which have started to appear in the modern urban landscape to provide a symbol of originality, innovation and progress. Spatial arch bridges are defined as bridges in which the vertical deck loads produce bending moments and shear forces not contained in the arch plane, owing to their geometrical and structural configuration. Moreover, the arch itself may not be contained in a plane. The different variables and geometries that create such a structural configuration have been studied and classified. A wide compilation of examples of this bridge type has been made in chronological order, according to their construction date, from Maillarts first concrete spatial arch bridges to the latest designs and materials

Protocolos de regulação ambulatorial : proctologia adulto

Telemedicin

Synthesis of 6,8,9 poly-substituted purine analogue libraries as pro-apoptotic inducers of human leukemic lymphocytes and DAPK-1 inhibitors

A 18-member library of 6,8,9-poly-substituted purines was prepared from pyrimidines, primary alcohols, and N,N-dimethylamides under basic conditions via a novel one-pot synthetic pathway controlled by amide sizes and the novel analogues were tested against two leukemia cell lines: Jurkat (acute T cell leukemia) and K562 (chronic erythroleukemia) cells. Compounds having a benzoxy group at C6 position of the aromatic ring exhibited antiproliferative activity in Jurkat cells whereas all compounds induced a lower effect on K562 cells. Analysis of cell cycle, Annexin-V staining, and cleavage of initiator caspases assays showed that the active purine analogues induce cell death by apoptosis. Based on these results, a new purine derivative was synthesized, 6-benzyloxy-9-tert-butyl-8-phenyl-9H-purine (6d), which displayed the highest activity of the series against Jurkat cell lines. Finally, 33P-radiolabeled kinase assays using 96 recombinant human kinases known to be involved in apoptotic events were performed. Just one of the kinases tested, DAPK-1, was inhibited 50% or more by the phenotypic hits at 10 μM, suggesting that the inhibition of this target could be responsible for the induction of cell death by apoptosis. In agreement with the phenotypic results, the most active antiproliferative agent, 6d, displayed also the lowest IC50 value against recombinant DAPK1 (2.5 μM), further supporting the potential role of this protein on the observed functional response. DAPK-1 inhibition led by 6d together with its pro-apoptotic properties against the Jurkat line makes it an interesting candidate to further investigate the role of DAPK1 kinase in triggering apoptosis in cancer cells, a role which is attracting recent interest.JJDM thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for funding a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship. AUB thanks Medical Research Council UK – Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine for funding an Academic Fellowship. We acknowledge the generous supply of rIL-2 provided by the National Institutes of Health AIDS Reagent Program. IJM is grateful for the support provided to his laboratory by grant 12UDG01-ATF from Sparks, the children's medical charity, London, UK

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe