Pharmacological targeting of the protein synthesis mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts abrogates pancreatic tumourchemoresistance

International audiencePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is extremely stroma-rich. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete proteins that activate survival and promote chemoresistance of cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that CAF secretome-triggered chemoresistance is abolished upon inhibition of the protein synthesis mTOR/4E-BP1 regulatory pathway which we found highly activated in primary cultures of -SMA-positive CAFs, isolated from human PDAC resections. CAFs selectively express the sst1 somatostatin receptor. The SOM230 analogue (Pasireotide) activates the sst1 receptor and inhibits the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway and the resultant synthesis of secreted proteins including IL-6. Consequently, tumour growth and chemoresistance in nude mice xenografted with pancreatic cancer cells and CAFs, or with pieces of resected human PDACs, are reduced when chemotherapy (gemcitabine) is combined with SOM230 treatment. While gemcitabine alone has marginal effects, SOM230 is permissive to gemcitabine-induced cancer cell apoptosis and acts as an antifibrotic agent. We propose that selective inhibition of CAF protein synthesis with sst1-directed pharmacological compounds represents an anti-stromal-targeted therapy with promising chemosensitization potential

Response to Emerging Infection Leading to Outbreak of Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci

These bacteria have emerged as a hospital problem that appears to be caused by both linezolid exposure and patient-to-patient transmission

The Influence of Manga on the Graphic Novel

This material has been published in The Cambridge History of the Graphic Novel edited by Jan Baetens, Hugo Frey, Stephen E. Tabachnick. This version is free to view and download for personal use only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University PressProviding a range of cogent examples, this chapter describes the influences of the Manga genre of comics strip on the Graphic Novel genre, over the last 35 years, considering the functions of domestication, foreignisation and transmedia on readers, markets and forms

L’empathie virtuelle comme facteur d’influence de la réception de publicités sociales : développement d’un outil de mesure

Notre étude s’intéresse au concept d’empathie d’un point de vue communicationnel, c’est-à-dire dans la perspective relationnelle entre un récepteur et des contenus médiatisés. En prenant appui sur les énoncés théoriques relatifs au concept psychologique d’empathie, nous proposons une définition conceptuelle et opérationnelle spécifique à l’empathie, qualifiée ici de virtuelle, et au terrain de son étude. Nous évaluons également les conditions d’optimisation de cette variable eu égard à diverses formes de contenus médiatisés en vérifiant si le réalisme et le type de mise en forme des contenus engendrent des niveaux d’empathie virtuelle différents, tels que mesurés par l’échelle que nous avons développée et utilisée dans un questionnaire autoadministré. Les analyses n’ont pas permis de dégager de résultats significatifs, les sujets (n=96) ne sont pas plus empathiques envers les contenus réalistes que fictifs, de même qu’ils ne sont pas plus empathiques envers les contenus audiovisuels qu’audio ou imprimés

Empathie et persuasion

The authors developed a Likert-type 5-point scale to measure empathy as a personality trait in the context of media reception, i.e., virtual empathy. In the initial phase of the research, the authors measured the virtual empathy of a sampling of university students (n = 104) enrolled in an undergraduate public communications course. In the second, experimental phase students with varied virtual empathy scores viewed selected audio-visual social advertisements on the same theme. The results will be analyzed to assess the relationship between the students' virtual empathy, as a personality trait, and their empathetic response to the audio-visual advertisements

De messages en sécurité routière : de l’empathie virtuelle aux réponses empathiques et cognitives

Firstly, we examined the relation between the personality trait of virtual empathy and empathic responses generated by six road safety messages based on a threat and produced in Quebec and in France. Secondly, we explored the way in which empathic responses are involved in information processing, as well as how the production context influences the intensity of empathic responses and the type of thoughts generated. The data analysis highlights the influence of the production context on the ability to project in the events presented. The Quebec announcements engendered stronger empathic responses

How past riparian management practices can affect composition and structure of vegetation for headwater ecological restoration projects

International audienceEcological restoration of river networks, especially of headwaters, is a key issue to improve water ecological, chemical and physical qualities and ecological functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Ecological restoration of degraded riparian vegetation is commonly considered as an efficient way to improve headwater habitats. This study aims to describe past management dynamics and their effect on current riparian vegetation structure and composition. We focused on two headwater brooks surrounded by traditional pasture in the rural catchment of the river Oir, a salmonid nursery of the river Selune, Normandy, France. Historical riparian vegetation dynamic has been characterized thanks to interpretation of ortho-photographs from 1947 to 2010. GIS analyses allowed us to distinguish five types of management practices from stable vegetation (maintained open or maintained woody) to heterogeneous dynamic vegetation ( alternation of clear-cutting, coppice management and recolonization by ligneous species). To measure their impact on the riparian ecosystem, past management practices were linked with field data describing current structure and composition of riparian vegetation. Results show that structure of riparian plant communities depends mainly on recent management practices, while floristic composition depends both on recent and past management practices. Knowledge of the past dynamics of riparian landscapes proves to be a relevant indicator of the ecological status of headwater ecosystems that could be used to improve ecological restoration instead of classical management practices of riparian vegetation

Influence des paysages agricoles à différentes échelles, sur les communautés végétales des berges de ruisseaux de tête de bassin versant.

International audienc

Influence des paysages agricoles à différentes échelles, sur les communautés végétales des berges de ruisseaux de tête de bassin versant.

International audienc

2011年の韓国とソウル大学宗教学科

海外だよ