How a Washington Lobbyist Gives Lawmakers Free Trips Despite the Ban on Lobbyist-Funded Travel

A group of Washington lobbyists led by Richard Kessler under the umbrella of the Ripon Educational Fund and the Ripon Society has spent millions of dollars taking lawmakers to European capitals and U.S. resorts, thereby skirting congressional ethics rules that forbid registered lobbyists from paying for congressional travel.Kessler, head of Kessler Business Services, has kept a lower profile than many better-known Washington lobbyists, such as admitted felon Jack Abramoff. Few have questioned the more than $1 million in free travel that lawmakers have reported receiving from groups and companies Kessler appears to control or influence. All told, Kessler-influenced groups and companies are responsible for providing 6 percent of the$17.6 million lawmakers have reported receiving in free travel from private companies and organizations from 2000 to mid-2005, Public Citizen estimates.By funneling travel money through the Ripon Educational Fund and the Ripon Society, his parent company, Century Business Services, and his lobbying clients, Kessler has apparently made it possible for lawmakers to accept free trips to European capitals and U.S. resorts without violating ethics rules. It is legal for lawmakers to take trips paid for by private companies and organizations

Does Small Business Administration guaranteed lending improve economic performance in low–income areas? (commentary)

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Superfluorescent Rayleigh scattering from suspensions of dielectric particles

We demonstrate that superfluorescent scattering of light can occur when laser light is incident on a collection of dielectric Rayleigh particles suspended in a viscous medium. Using a linear stability analysis, an expression for the spatiotemporal evolution of the scattered (probe) field is derived. An approximate condition for the progression of the interaction into the nonlinear regime is deduced and it is shown that, in the nonlinear regime, the scattered field intensity shows the characteristic quadratic dependence on particle density expected from a superfluorescent or superradiant process, once the effects of pump depletion are accounted for