2014 Lecture Series Program - Public Events, Private Lives: Literature and Politics in the Modern World

Sir Salman Rushdie is one of the most celebrated authors of our time—of any time. A brilliant provocateur, he’s penned a handful of classic novels, influenced a generation of writers, and received a Queen’s Knighthood for “services to literature.” He stands as both a pop culture icon and one of the most thought-provoking proponents for free speech todayhttps://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/vernonpack/1003/thumbnail.jp

Self-destruction of main character in Christie Golden's "World of Warcraft: Arthas, Rise of The Lich King"

World of Warcraft: Arthas, Rise of The Lich King novel is written by Christie Golden and it is an adaptation from both Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne Real Time Strategy (RTS) computer video game. The novel tells the story of Arthas, the crown prince of Lordaeron Kingdom. This undergraduate thesis discusses about the self-destruction of the main character of the novel as Arthas has changed from the strong-willed crown prince into a cold-blooded death knight and later on became the Lich King that serves only the darkness while killing his old self. This research aimed to know: 1) the ways Arthas commit self-destructive acts, 2) the underlying factors that caused Arthas to commit self-destructive acts. In this research, the writer applied Freudian Psychoanalysis and Maslow’s motivation theory to investigate the problems. Moreover, objective approach is being used in this research and it means the writer considered this literary works as a world by itself or independent. The main goal of this approach is to limit the object of the study only from anything that can be found in the source of data. Then, the writer described, defined, and analyzed the data in descriptive method. The results of this research showed that Arthas has committed several ways to self-destruct himself and there are also few underlying factors that caused him to do it. From the analysis of this research, it can be concluded Arthas has the wishes to kill, to be killed, and to die that lead him into the ultimate form of self-destruction—an act of toying with death. Furthermore, there are also several underlying factors that caused him to commit self-destructive act. The underlying factors behind Arthas’ self-destruction is his failed love relationship with Jaina Proudmoore, his burden as a crown prince of Lordaeron, and few overlooked circumstances while he took the questionable and hasty decisions

Effects of methimepip and JNJ-5207852 in Wistar rats exposed to an open-field with and without object and in Balb/c mice exposed to a radial-arm maze

The role of the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in anxiety is controversial, due to limitations in drug selectivity and limited validity of behavioral tests used in previous studies. In the present report, we describe two experiments. In the first one, Wistar rats were treated with an H3R agonist (methimepip), and exposed to an open-field. In the second one, Balb/c mice were treated with H3R agonist (methimepip) or antagonist (JNJ-5207852), and exposed to an open space 3D maze which is a modified version of the radial-arm maze. C57BL/6J saline treated mice were included for comparisons. When exposed to an empty open field, Wistar rats spent more time in the outer area and made very low number of brief crossings in the central area. However, when an object occupied the central area, rats crossed frequently into and spent a long time in the central area. Administration of a range of different doses of methimepip (selective H3R agonist) reduced the entries into the central area with a novel object, indicating enhanced avoidance response. In the 3D maze, both Balb/c and C57BL/6J saline-treated mice crossed frequently onto the bridges that radiate from the central platform but only C57BL/6J mice crossed onto the arms which extend the bridges. This suggests that Balb/c mice are more anxious than C57BL/6J mice. Neither methimepip nor JNJ-5207852 (selective H3R antagonist/inverse agonist) induced entry into the arms of the maze, indicative of lack of anxiolytic effects

Chemical, molecular pharmacology and neuroprotective properties of the essential oil derived from Aloysia citrodora Palau

Essential oils derived from dried and fresh leaves of Aloysia citrodora were obtained by hydrodistillation, and were investigated for a range of pharmacological properties: receptor binding, in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory, antioxidant activities, and neuroprotection properties relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Fresh leaf A. citrodora essential oil inhibited [3H] nicotine binding to well washed rat forebrain membranes, with mean apparent IC50 of 0.0018 mg/ml. No significant binding activity was observed for A. citrodora essential oil derived from fresh or dried leaves, for GABAAR and NMDARs. A. citrodora essential oil, both dried and fresh, exhibited radical scavenging activity (up to 100%, IC50 < 0.0001 mg/ml) and iron (II) chelating properties (approx. IC50 = 0.05 mg/ml), and showed neuroprotective characteristics against the toxic effects of H2O2 (100%, 0.001 mg/ml) and β-amyloid (approx. 50%, 0.01 mg/ml) in CAD neuronal cell culture. Both EOs from dried and fresh leaves also displayed effective AChE inhibitory activity, with the dried leaves oil displaying more clear AChE inhibitory activity than fresh oil, which could be related to the higher respective levels of caryophyllene oxide. Recombinant human anticholinesterase enzyme was used for structure based in silico screening of A. citrodora essential oil constituents for AChE Inhibitors, and the top scoring hits with highest pharmacophore fit values showed common interactions with residues at the active site of that of donepezil. The top seven hits in order of fit score, were β-curcumene, curcumene bisabolene, trans-calamenene, caryophyllene oxide, β-sesquiphellandrene and geranyl acetate. This indicates that plants may yield novel effective and safe AChE inhibitors, other than alkaloids. To begin to identify the chemicals underpinning the pharmacological properties of A. citrodora, GC/MS analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of A. citrodora identified eighty three major chemicals, including the presence of terpenoids, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, the main constituents being limonene, caryophyllene oxide, curcumene, spathulenol, 1,8-cineole constituting 47% of the total oil. Finally, a simple, inexpensive solid phase extraction method was developed for fractionation of essential oils. Collectively, this thesis provides a better understanding of the pharmacology of the Aloysia essential oil and its constituents relating to its potential use in the treatment neurodegenerative disease

Imagined and imaginary whales: Benedict Anderson, Salman Rushdie and George Orwell

George Orwell, anticipating many of the arguments made by Benedict Anderson in the “Patriotism and Racism” chapter of Imagined Communities, illuminated patriotism and nationalism as shifting aspects of a wider dialectical interplay between an identification with imagined communities and a loyalty to humanity. Orwell's essay “Inside the Whale” can be seen, contrary to Salman Rushdie's criticism that it advocates quietism, as an essay about imaginary homelands. In this reading the whale is a metaphor for a dialectical space created by a writer in order to gain purchase on the unceasing dialectic of history. Analysis of The Lion and the Unicorn in this article links Orwell's work with that of Anderson and Rushdie by exploring in his vision of a classless England the relationship between the personal imaginary homeland and the political imagined community