THE IRISH ITINERANTS: SOME DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS. BROADSHEET No. 18, May 1979

SOME selected characteristics of Irish itinerants are discussed in this paper. An account is given of some of the problems faced by itinerants based on factual material obtained from Irish official publications, books and articles on Irish itinerants, discussions with people who work with itinerants and the findings of unpublished censuses of itinerants taken by Local Authorities. The study does not involve social or psychological analysis but tries by the presentation of facts assembled together to "help, if in a small way, those who are trying to improve the lot of itinerants". The problem of itinerancy is seen by the authors as part of the problem of poverty. Itinerants are or were, on the whole, the dispossessed--poor, homeless, illiterate, despised." Some, particularly the roadside traders (whom many would not regard as itinerants), are reasonably well off but the great majority according to Patricia McCarthy (1975) were regarded as "marginal people in every sense . . . living a primitive and harsh existence." They are conscious of their poverty, avoid integration with the settled community, and have a low self esteem because of their dependence on charity and social welfare

A Case of Hyperkalemia Versus Pseudohyperkalemia in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Introduction: Both hyperkalemia and pseudohyperkalemia occur in the emergency department. True hyperkalemia necessitates emergent treatment while pseudohyperkalemia requires recognition to prevent inappropriate treatment. It is imperative that the emergency physician (EP) have an understanding of the causes and clinical presentations of both phenomena.Case Report: We present a case of an 88-year-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and suspected blast crisis who was found to have elevated serum potassium levels without other manifestations of hyperkalemia and eventually was determined to have pseudohyperkalemia due to white cell fragility.Discussion: Differentiation of hyperkalemia and pseudohyperkalemia is a critical skill for the EP. We discuss multiple causes of hyperkalemia and pseudohyperkalemia in an effort to broaden the knowledge base.Conclusion: We present a case of CLL as an unusual cause of pseudohyperkalemia and review common causes of pseudohyperkalemia

An improved generalized inverse algorithm for linear inequalities and its applications

Iterative, two-class algorithm for linear inequalitie

The Irish Currency Report of 1804

May 2004 marks the 200-year anniversary of the publication of the Irish Currency Report of 1804.

Mind the gap: National and local partnership in the Irish public sector

This article uses case study data from a major Irish city council to investigate and explain public sector worker attitudes towards social partnership at local and national level. It is argued that the more sceptical attitudes to workplace partnership reflect structural differences between local and national arrangements, which have enabled public sector employers to use ‘social partnership’ as a constraint in the implementation process of a pre-determined public sector reform agenda