Os estilos de vida nos doentes com cardiopatia isquémica

Enquadramento: Os estilos de vida estão associados às doenças cardiovasculares e à mortalidade. Os benefícios da promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis na prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares são inequívocos, bem conhecidos pela comunidade científica e divulgados à população em geral. Contudo, as evidências de estilos de vida não saudáveis continuam a marcar uma tendência nas populações, principalmente nas sociedades ocidentais. Objetivos: verificar que estilos de vida apresentam os doentes com cardiopatia isquémica; averiguar se as variáveis sociodemográficas e a funcionalidade familiar interferem nos estilos de vida do doente com cardiopatia isquémica. Métodos: Optou-se por um estudo não experimental, de natureza quantitativa, do tipo descritivo-correlacional e explicativo. Para avaliar as variáveis em estudo, o instrumento de colheita de dados contém um questionário, constituído por questões relativas às variáveis sociodemográficas, a Escala de Funcionalidade Familiar, questões relacionadas com as variáveis clínicas, bem como contém a Escala de Estilos de Vida. A amostra global analisada foi de 140 doentes com Cardiopatia Isquémica, com uma média de idades de 68,98 anos. Do universo amostra em estudo, 105 doentes são do sexo masculino e 35 do sexo feminino. Resultados: Mais de metade da amostra apresentava obesidade moderada, predominando os participantes que tinham mais peso quando foram acometidos pela doença coronária isquémica. A maioria dos participantes nunca fumou, estando incluídos dentro do grupo de fumadores os homens. No que se refere à alimentação saudável, o coeficiente de dispersão revelou que esta apresentava uma dispersão moderada. A média mais elevada foi ao nível dos estilos de vida não saudáveis. A idade influenciou os estilos de vida dos doentes e os estilos de vida não saudáveis. A situação laboral influenciou os estilos de vida dos doentes, cuja variação das médias resultou em diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o fator “estilos de vida não saudáveis”. O stresse, a funcionalidade familiar, a idade e o sexo são variáveis preditoras dos estilos de vida saudáveis e estilos de vida global, uma vez que a correlação positiva que estas variáveis estabelecem com os estilos de vida saudáveis é muito fraca, tendo-se deduzido que quanto maiores os índices nestas variáveis, mais baixos são os estilos de vida não saudáveis. Conclusão: Este estudo indicou que, na generalidade, os doentes revelaram estilos de vida não saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Cardiopatia isquémica; estilos de vida saudáveis; estilos de vida não saudáveis.ABSTRACT Framework: He lifestyles are associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality. The benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles in the prevention of cardiovascular disease is unequivocal, well known by the scientific community and disseminated to the general population. However, evidence of unhealthy lifestyles continue to mark a trend in the populations, especially in Western societies. Objectives: To verify that lifestyles have patients with ischemic heart disease; determine whether sociodemographic variables and family functioning interfere with the lifestyles of patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: We chose a non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive-correlational and explanatory. To assess the study variables, the data collection instrument contains a questionnaire consisting of questions related to sociodemographic variables, the Family Functioning Scale, issues related to clinical variables, and contains the Scale of Lifestyles. The bulk sample was analyzed for 140 patients with Ischemic Heart Disease, with a mean age of 68.98 years. Sample of the universe under study, 105 patients were male and 35 female. Results: Over half the sample had moderate obesity, mostly participants who had more weight when they were suffering from ischemic heart disease. Most participants had never smoked, being included within the group of men smoking. With regard to the diet, the coefficient of dispersion found that this dispersion showed a moderate. The highest average was the level of unhealthy lifestyles. Age influenced the lifestyles of patients and unhealthy lifestyles. The employment situation has influenced the lifestyles of patients, whose average variation resulted in statistically significant differences for the factor "unhealthy lifestyles". The stress, family functioning, age and sex are predictors of healthy lifestyles and lifestyles overall, since the positive correlation that these variables have with the healthy lifestyles is very weak and it was deduced that the higher rates in these variables, the lower are the unhealthy lifestyles. Conclusion: His study indicated that, overall, the patients revealed unhealthy lifestyles. Keywords: Ischaemic heart disease, healthy lifestyles, unhealthy lifestyles

Edge-Related Loss of Tree Phylogenetic Diversity in the Severely Fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Deforestation and forest fragmentation are known major causes of nonrandom extinction, but there is no information about their impact on the phylogenetic diversity of the remaining species assemblages. Using a large vegetation dataset from an old hyper-fragmented landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest we assess whether the local extirpation of tree species and functional impoverishment of tree assemblages reduce the phylogenetic diversity of the remaining tree assemblages. We detected a significant loss of tree phylogenetic diversity in forest edges, but not in core areas of small (<80 ha) forest fragments. This was attributed to a reduction of 11% in the average phylogenetic distance between any two randomly chosen individuals from forest edges; an increase of 17% in the average phylogenetic distance to closest non-conspecific relative for each individual in forest edges; and to the potential manifestation of late edge effects in the core areas of small forest remnants. We found no evidence supporting fragmentation-induced phylogenetic clustering or evenness. This could be explained by the low phylogenetic conservatism of key life-history traits corresponding to vulnerable species. Edge effects must be reduced to effectively protect tree phylogenetic diversity in the severely fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}$and correspond to an integrated luminosity of$4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}$. The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum${{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}$and pseudorapidity$|\eta |\lt 1.9$, is measured to be${{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Search for direct pair production of the top squark in all-hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for direct pair production of the scalar partner to the top quark using an integrated luminosity of 20.1fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. The top squark is assumed to decay via t˜→tχ˜01 or t˜→ bχ˜±1 →bW(∗)χ˜01 , where χ˜01 (χ˜±1 ) denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino) in supersymmetric models. The search targets a fully-hadronic final state in events with four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are reported in terms of the top squark and neutralino masses and as a function of the branching fraction of t˜ → tχ˜01 . For a branching fraction of 100%, top squark masses in the range 270–645 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 30 GeV. For a branching fraction of 50% to either t˜ → tχ˜01 or t˜ → bχ˜±1 , and assuming the χ˜±1 mass to be twice the χ˜01 mass, top squark masses in the range 250–550 GeV are excluded for χ˜01 masses below 60 GeV

Search for pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decaying to jets in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter in ppcollisions at √s=8TeV

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is used to search for the decay of a scalar boson to a pair of long-lived particles, neutral under the Standard Model gauge group, in 20.3fb−1of data collected in proton–proton collisions at √s=8TeV. This search is sensitive to long-lived particles that decay to Standard Model particles producing jets at the outer edge of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter or inside the hadronic calorimeter. No significant excess of events is observed. Limits are reported on the product of the scalar boson production cross section times branching ratio into long-lived neutral particles as a function of the proper lifetime of the particles. Limits are reported for boson masses from 100 GeVto 900 GeV, and a long-lived neutral particle mass from 10 GeVto 150 GeV

Measurement of the Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The production of b jets in association with a Z/gamma* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/gamma* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The Z/gamma* + b-jet cross section with Z/gamma* to ll (where ll = ee or mu mu) for events with the invariant mass 60 < M(ll) < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level with pT > 25 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and the jets of Delta R > 0.5 is found to be 5.84 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.72 (syst.) +(0.25)/-(0.55) (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by PYTHIA.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physic