Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Corrosion damage detection and characterization using non-destructive evaluation techniques

The objective of this thesis is to detect and characterize localized corrosion in 2024T3 Aluminum alloy using non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Ultrasonic lamb wave inspection and fractal geometry are the two NDE techniques considered to detect and characterize corroded surfaces in aluminum plates respectively. Lamb wave scanning approach requires generation of ultrasonic So mode Lamb wave using an incident transducer with a tone burst centered at a near non-dispersive frequency. A receiving transducer scans the sections of the thin plate along a line parallel to the propagating lamb wave on the face of plate free from defect. Corrosion damage is localized by comparing relative normalized wave energy the propagating wave in a plate with damage with that of relative normalized energy variation of propagating wave in a plate without any damage. To demonstrate Lamb wave approach experiments were performed on 1.6 mm-thick Al plates with corrosion induced artificially using FeCl3 solution. Fractal geometry is a NDE technique to characterize corroded surfaces with a parameter called the fractal dimension. Image analysis was performed by obtaining microscopic and macroscopic digitized images of the corroded aluminum alloy surface. Box-counting algorithm was implemented on binary images to obtain fractal dimension, a parameter used to characterize corrosion. Attempt was made to quantify the extent of corrosion in Al plates using this non-contact NDE approach

Synthesis, characterization and DNA binding and cleavage properties of copper(II)-tryptophan-tryptophan complex

1638-1643Reaction of copper(II) with tryptophan-tryptophan yields a 1:2 chloro bis(trp-trp) cuprate(II) complex. The complex exhibits absorption band at 620 nm (ε = 130 M -1 cm-1), which suggests a square pyramidal geometry at Cu(II) as observed for other Cu(II)-peptide complexes. The giso value of 2.09 for the complex agrees with a Cu(II) environment of distorted square pyramidal geometry. The mononuclear complex binds to calf thymus DNA through moderate intercalative and weak covalent interactions. It converts the supercoiled plasmid pUC19 DNA to the nicked circular form under physiological conditions

NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: THE FRONTIERS IN DRUG DELIVERY

By the modification of solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), the nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) were obtained by the modification of nanostructured that hold the qualities of the SLN, increases the stability of the drug, and prevents drug leakage. The limitations of the drugs that are delivered in the body using different routes are poor solvency, first pass metabolism, and poor bioavailability hence to overcome these limitations NLCs were prepared. Oral, topical, transdermal, ocular, and parenteral are the different routes through which nanobased systems are delivered. Spatially incompatible liquid lipids and solid lipids are blended and NLCs were prepared. It stays solid at room temperature. The advantages of for drug therapy over conventional carriers NLCs are increased solubility, improved bioavailability. This review describes about the NLC, its advantages and disadvantages, types, NLC techniques, mode of action, and applications of NLC. Imperfect, amorphous, and multiple types are the main three types of NLCs. Lipids, liquid lipids, solid lipids, Emulsifiers, ultraviolet (UV) blockers, and aqueous medium were the excipients used. Microemulsion technique, microemulsion based SLN/NLC preparations, solvent diffusion method, high-pressure homogenization (HPH), hot and cold homogenization techniques, and melt emulsification method are the techniques used for the preparation of NLC. The applications of NLCs are for ocular, brain targeting, topical, cancer therapy, cosmetics, and analgesia

Effect of molarity of sodium hydroxide and molar ratio of alkaline activator solution on the strength development of geopolymer concrete

In the current study, effect of SiO2/Na2O ratio in Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio and molarity of NaOH on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. A geopolymer mix design is formulated with various mixes are casted with alkali activator solution (AAS) / fly ash (FA) =0.5 and constant fly ash content. The molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O in Na2SiO3 solution is altered from 1.50 to 3.00 for different ratios of Na2SiO3/NaOH (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) and also for various molarities of NaOH (8M,10M,12M,14M,16M and 18M) are studied for their synergic effect on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Results highlighted that the 16M NaOH yields high compressive strength when SiO2/Na2O in Na2SiO3 solution is around 2.00 to 2.40 and Na2SiO3/NaOH=2.5

Parametric studies on the properties of geopolymer concrete

In the current study, effect of Alkali Activator solution (AAS) / Fly ash (FA) ratios and various molarities of NaOH on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) is studied keeping Na2SiO3/NaOH=2.5 and SiO2/Na2O=2.0 optimal ratios constant. For AAS/FA=4.0 and 16M NaOH combination yields better strength so this combination is chosed as optimal. From studies it is found that the optimum temperature for curing is 60°C and optimum period of curing is 24 h based on the compressive strengths achieved

Improving the energy performances of the refrigeration systems with subcooling using the eco-friendly refrigerant R600A: Initial experimental results

In this paper the attention is focused on introducing the initial experimental results of a comparative experimental investigation on the energy performances of R600a tested as drop-in of R134a in a test-bench refrigeration system developed at the School of Mechanical Engineering of VIT University located in Vellore (India). Moreover, a comparison of the energy performances was pursued also with the system working with and without sub-cooling. The initial experimental investigation is performed respecting the requirement that the two fluids occupy the same volume. The initial energy performances are carried out in terms of evaporator temperature, coefficient of performance and refrigeration effect. The effect of drop-in with R600 a system previously working with R134a, carries an enhancement of the energy performances in terms of COP and refrigeration effect. Moreover, subcooling carries to an additional benefit on the refrigeration effect. The introduced initial experimental results constitute just the first step of a bigger investigation to be conducted in India, focused on analyzing the impact of the drop-in of HFC with new eco-friendly refrigerants

Effect of lauric acid and coconut oil on ruminal fermentation, digestion, ammonia losses from manure, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows

v2009o