Impact of solid waste disposal on ground water quality near Gazipur dumping site, Delhi, India

The present study was carried out to study the impact of domestic wastes disposal on ground water quality at Delhi, India. Ground water is one of the major sources of drinking water in arid and semi-arid regions. Ground water quality data and its distributions are important for the purpose of planning and management. The samples of ground water were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters viz. conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate,fluoride, sodium and potassium. Among these parameters, TDS were found higher 1400, 1068, 1524, 1656, 840, 1106, 1540, 1330, 1900, 1960, 1914, 2061 mg/l at all the Ga1,Ga2, Ga3, Ga4, Ga5, Ga6, Ga7, Ga8, Ga9, Ga10, Ga11, Ga12, Ga13, Ga14, Ga15, Ga16 sampling sites respectively. TDS were observed beyond the desirable limits of BIS at all the sampling sites. Maximum value of TDS (2061 mg/l) was found at the sampling site Ga12 while the minimum value of TDS (1061 mg/l) was found at the sampling site Ga2. Maximum value of chloride (560 mg/l) wasfound at sampling site Ga4, while the minimum value of chloride (60 mg/l) was found at sampling site Ga5 and rest all other parameters were found within permissible limit. The present study concluded that the chloride and TDS in water samples were above to the desirable limit and below to the permissible limit of BIS and rest all other parameters were within desirable limit

A review on the role of emerging anthropogenic activities in environmental degradation and emphasis on their mitigation

Environmental degradation is the deterioration of natural resources such as air, water, soil, flora, fauna, and all other living and non-living component of the planet earth. There are two main reasons for environmental degradation i.e. anthropogenic causes like industrialization, overpopulation, deforestation, mining, etc. and natural causes like flood, landslide, desertification, temperatures, etc. Nowadays, the demand for natural resources is increase due to the exceeding population. To fulfill the demand of humans, over exploration of the natural resources in carrying out, due to this they are under pressure. The anthropogenic activities disturbed and degraded the environmental component such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. All the environmental component is linked together if one is disturbed than its disturbed the other one also. However, in this paper, we discussed the anthropogenic activities that affect the environmental component directly or indirectly and we also suggested the recommendation and mitigation measures to sustain the environmental component developed by the agencies and policymaker

Spatial distribution of solid waste disposal sites in Allahabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India using GIS approach

The present investigation was conducted to study the spatial distribution of solid waste disposal sites in Allahabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India using GIS approach. In this investigation site determination for the transfer of strong waste is performed utilizing geographical information system (GIS), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and remote detecting strategies for the Allahabad city. In GIS, every single possible prerequisite are at first indicated, spatial information coordinated and overlaid and in view of the last yield got appropriate naturally kindhearted destinations for squander transfer are recognized. Analytical hierarchy process give a deliberate way to deal with evaluating and incorporating the effects of different variables, including a few levels for surveying and coordinating the effects of different components, including a few levels dependent and free, qualitative and quantitative data. Remote Sensing pictures and Survey of India topomaps were utilized to extricate data on badlands and other lands utilize highlights, geography, hydro-geomorphology, seepage, street systems and slant of the region. Various tools and software’s were used for the study like Arc GIS 10.1 LIS III image, SRTM DATA, ERDAS imagine etc. The results of the present study indicated that maps of land use cover/land use change/ satellite imageries and GIS tool were benefited for characterizing appropriate plans and methodologies for effective solid waste management plan in metropolitan cities. Therefore, GIS tools, satellite imageries, maps must be considered for the implementation of solid waste management policies

Occurrence of heavy metals in Ganga canal water at Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India: A case study

The present investigation was framed to assess the contamination of heavy metals in Ganga canal water at Haridwar (Uttarakhand). The samples of Ganga canal water were collected from five sampling sites namely Bhimgoda Barrage, Haridwar (origin point); Premnagar Ashram Ghat, Haridwar; Pathari Power Plant, Bahadrabad; Rail Bridge, Roorkee and Uttam Sugar Mills Limited, Narsan (exit point). The samples were analyzed for seven metals viz., copper, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc, chromium and iron in Ganga canal water monthly during March, 2014 to August, 2014. The concentration of manganese was found greater than its desirable limit (0.1 mg/L), while iron was observed more than its permissible limit (0.3 mg/L) according to Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications. The water quality data was further analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for monthly and spatial variations. The ANOVA analysis revealed that the contents of different metals such as copper, manganese, lead, zinc, chromium and iron were found statistically significant (P≤0.05) as per temporal study. These monthly variations in Ganga Canal water quality parameters might be ascribed due to the anthropogenic and hydro-geological activities. However, none of the metals showed significant site variation at any of the sampling site of Ganga Canal. Therefore, the present study emphasized the need of regular monitoring of Ganga canal water to avoid the contamination of heavy metals in the water

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

The effect of economic pro-growth initiatives on the recent increase in economic development in the USA millennial entrepreneurs

The United States has entered the 21st century with an economy that is larger and in many ways more successful than it has ever been. In a time of unprecedented growth concerning startups by millennial (the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there is a multitude of government responses that allow such growth to take place in our current economy. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of pro-investment and pro-growth economic policies established by the US government from 2015-2019. The focus will then be directed to which of these has the largest influence on the current rise in millennial startup entrepreneurship. The methodology for this study is a mixed-method and correlation study that utilizes surveys of millennial startup entrepreneurs, national data sets of current business, and economic regulations and growth. However, no significant differences were found in the subscales of Innovative Creativity, Economic Freedom Motivation, and Social Networks Development Capacity. In terms of the current climate of our economy, we can use this study to understand which factors have the heaviest impact on the stability and growth of many businesses during a change in the economy

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality