Selection and concentration of obstetric facilities in Japan: Longitudinal study based on national census data

Aim: A shortage of obstetricians with an increased workload is a social problem in Japan. The government and professional bodies are trying to cope with this problem by accelerating “selection and concentration” of obstetric facilities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recent trend of selection and concentration. Methods: We used data on the number of deliveries and of obstetricians in each hospital and clinic in Japan, according to the Static Survey of Medical Institutions in 2005, 2008 and 2011. To evaluate the inter-facility equity of the number of deliveries, number of obstetricians and number of deliveries per obstetrician, Gini coefficients were calculated. Results: The number of obstetric hospitals decreased by 20% and the number of deliveries per hospital increased by 26% between 2005 and 2011. Hospital obstetricians increased by 16% and the average number of obstetricians per hospital increased by 19% between 2008 and 2011. Gini coefficient of deliveries has significantly decreased. In contrast, Gini coefficient of deliveries per obstetrician has significantly increased. The degrees of increase in obstetricians and of decrease in deliveries per obstetrician were largest at the hospitals with the highest proportion of cesarean sections. The proportion of obstetric hospitals with the “optimal volume” of deliveries and obstetricians defined by Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 4% in 2008, and it had doubled to 8.1% three years later. Conclusion: The selection and concentration of obstetric facilities is progressing rapidly and effectively in Japan.This study was supported by Health Labour Sciences Research Grant of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan (H25 - Research on Region Medical - 006)

Efforts for early support for students requiring support at private university : examination of the effectiveness of the support situation for three years after the introduction of the "questionnaire on university life support" by type of disability

departmental bulletin pape

Research on anxieties faced by students planning to enter university : report 4 years after the introduction of " Questionaire on university life support

departmental bulletin pape

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Effects of Pleasantness Induced by Mozart Music on Electroencephalogram

I. 問題と目的 Ⅱ. 方法 Ⅲ. 結果 Ⅳ. 考察 Ⅴ. まとめ本研究では、モーツァルト音楽の音響的要素である長時間周波数スペクトルに注目した音刺激を作成し、それによって引き起こされる脳波変動と快適さとの関連性について検討した。音刺激は、長時間周波数スベクトルを揃えたモーツァルト音楽の原曲，逆再生，音楽ノイズの3種類とし、男子学生5名に対して、気分や音刺激に対する快適さの主観評価と、脳波測定を行った。アルファ波帯域（8.5-12.5Hz）において脳波 を解析し、安静時と各音刺激呈示時の比較を行った。主観評価では原曲はリラックスでき音楽ノイズはリラックスできないと評価が分かれたが、脳波測定では全ての音刺激において安静時よりもアルファ波の電位は上昇傾向を示してしており、アルファ波の上昇は、快適さのみの情動反応に限局したものではなく、不快も含め、情動反応が惹起されたことを反映していると推測された。また、リラックスした状態を認識するためには、本人が想定した環境に置かれていることが大きく影響しており、モーツァルト音楽は、その音響的特徴よりも、優雅な和声進行のような音楽的特徴が快適性の評価に影響していることが示唆された。The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and the comfort which are induced by Mozart music. In this study, three sound stimulus that focused on the long time frequency spectrum were made: (1) normal Mozart music, (2) reversed Mozart music and (3) white noise made from the Mozart music. For five college students, EEG changes and the comfort were assessed. The EEG measurement was analyzed in alpha wave band (8.5-12.5Hz). The result of the assessment of the comfort indicated that Mozart music can be relaxed but white noise cannot be relaxed. However, the electric potential of the alpha wave band indicated upward trend by all stimulation. It was supposed that the rise in alpha wave reflected not only the comfort but the total emotion including unpleasantness. And it was thought that putting oneself in the imaginable environment greatly affected relaxing. This study suggests that the obedient harmony progress of the Mozart music was influences one\u27s assessment of the comfort more than acoustic element of it

モーツァルト音楽による快適性の脳波変動への影響

本研究では、モーツァルト音楽の音響的要素である長時間周波数スペクトルに注目した音刺激を作成し、それによって引き起こされる脳波変動と快適さとの関連性について検討した。音刺激は、長時間周波数スベクトルを揃えたモーツァルト音楽の原曲，逆再生，音楽ノイズの3種類とし、男子学生5名に対して、気分や音刺激に対する快適さの主観評価と、脳波測定を行った。アルファ波帯域（8.5-12.5Hz）において脳波を解析し、安静時と各音刺激呈示時の比較を行った。主観評価では原曲はリラックスでき音楽ノイズはリラックスできないと評価が分かれたが、脳波測定では全ての音刺激において安静時よりもアルファ波の電位は上昇傾向を示してしており、アルファ波の上昇は、快適さのみの情動反応に限局したものではなく、不快も含め、情動反応が惹起されたことを反映していると推測された。また、リラックスした状態を認識するためには、本人が想定した環境に置かれていることが大きく影響しており、モーツァルト音楽は、その音響的特徴よりも、優雅な和声進行のような音楽的特徴が快適性の評価に影響していることが示唆された。The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and the comfort which are induced by Mozart music. In this study, three sound stimulus that focused on the long time frequency spectrum were made: (1) normal Mozart music, (2) reversed Mozart music and (3) white noise made from the Mozart music. For five college students, EEG changes and the comfort were assessed. The EEG measurement was analyzed in alpha wave band (8.5-12.5Hz). The result of the assessment of the comfort indicated that Mozart music can be relaxed but white noise cannot be relaxed. However, the electric potential of the alpha wave band indicated upward trend by all stimulation. It was supposed that the rise in alpha wave reflected not only the comfort but the total emotion including unpleasantness. And it was thought that putting oneself in the imaginable environment greatly affected relaxing. This study suggests that the obedient harmony progress of the Mozart music was influences one's assessment of the comfort more than acoustic element of it.I. 問題と目的 Ⅱ. 方法 Ⅲ. 結果 Ⅳ. 考察 Ⅴ. まと

Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Primary Sjoegren's Syndrome (原発性Sjoegren症候群に合併した重症肺高血圧の1例)

著者最終原稿版42歳女子.原発性Sjoegren症候群の経過中に進行性呼吸困難が出現した.右心カテーテルによる平均肺動脈圧は43mmHgで,肺生検では内腔狭窄,蔓状病変を伴った内膜及び中膜肥厚があり,肺動脈壁には免疫グロブリンM,免疫グロブリンA,補体蛋白C1qの沈着があった.肺高血圧はは経口的プロスタサイクリンが無効であったがステロイド療法により改善した