Ion Current from Radio Frequency Ion Source

The ion current from a Thonemann radio frequency type ion source for the CockcroftWalton accelerator was measured as a function of the probe voltage and the gas flow. A maximum ion current of 4 mA was obtained at a probe voltage of 4 kV

Diffusion of Water in Bentonite

Because of the low permeability and the high sorption coefficient, compacted sodium bentonite has been proposed as an effective backfill material in the repository of high-level radioactive waste. The only possible mechanism of nuclide transport in bentonite must be the diffusion. The diffusivity has been considered to have a close relationship with the retardation factor and the self-diffusivity of water. Then, we performed the experiments to determine the self-diffusivity of water in bentonite by using tritiated water as a tracer. The obtained self-diffusivity can be written as Da= (3.4 ± 0.2) × 10-6 [cm²/s] under the condition of temperature T= 25°C and compacted density of bentonite ρ= 2.7 [g/cm³]. It was revealed quantitatively that the self-diffusivity of water in bentonite is much smaller than that of free water (2.13 × 10-5 [cm²/s] at T= 25°C). Also discussed is the analysis of experimental results on the basis of a new solution derived for the diffusion in one dimensional finite zone

Observation of the Behavior of Deuteriums Implanted in Aluminium by Use of the Nuclear Reaction D(³He, p)⁴He

By applying the depth-profiling technique using the nuclear reaction D(³He, p)⁴He, the thermal behavior of deuteriums implanted in aluminium at a depth of 0-2 μm was examined. The behavior of deuteriums depended greatly on the polishing procedures for the sample surface. When the surface was polished on a series of five abrasive papers or finished by diamond paste, the dispersion behavior of deuteriums in aluminium was quite different from that preducted on the basis of ordinary diffusion in homogeneous media. As suggested by Bugeat and Ligeon, it may be explained by the existence of a weak trapping effect against implanted deuteriums. The half-life of the trapped state at 0°C was estimated at about 1.4×10⁴ sec. Once they are released from the trapping sites, they rapidly disperse over the bulk of aluminium with an ordinary diffusivity measured by permeation methods. On the other hand, for the samples whose surface was finished with coarse Al₂O₃, the deuterium implanted at a depth of 0-2 μm had a much smaller dispersibility than those observed for samples which were polished on a series of five abrasive papers or finished by diamond paste. At room temperature the depth profile was almost unchanged, even after a few weeks. A large depth-dependence of the dispersion behavior was observed

Negative Impact of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin on CD33-Positive Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report

Introduction: Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is a rare subtype of T-cell leukemia that phenotypically expresses mature T-cell markers and immature myeloid markers such as CD33. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a novel agent for the CD33 molecular targeting antibody conjugated to the cytotoxic agent calicheamicin. GO is anticipated to be effective against ETP-ALL. In vivo studies promise antileukemic effects in cell lines; however, clinical reports to support this research are lacking. We treated a patient who suffered from CD33-positive ETP-ALL using GO. Case Presentation: We treated an 81-year-old man who suffered from ETP-ALL. The patient’s leukemia expressed T cell and myeloid markers including cyCD3, CD5, CD7, CD33, and HLA-DR. Initially, the patient was treated using a standard chemotherapy regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia comprising cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, l-asparaginase, and prednisolone. The induction chemotherapy produced the expected complete hematological response; however, bone marrow blasts remained. Following consolidation chemotherapy, the patient maintained a full hematological response. Thereafter, we changed the consolidation regimen to nelarabine, which did not reduce bone marrow blasts effectively. After two courses of nelarabine therapy, we finally used GO at an 8 mg/m2 weekly dose after confirming that CD33 expression was still positive in the patient’s residual leukemic cells. GO was ineffective in treating the patient’s leukemia, and peripheral blasts increased 30 days following treatment. The patient died 81 days after initiating GO therapy. Conclusion: This is the first clinical case of GO having a negative impact on ETP-ALL. Because the GO resistance mechanism for ETP-ALL has not been fully elucidated, treatment modification should be considered to achieve optimal clinical efficacy

Melanogenesis in the retinal pigment epithelial cell of the chick embryo. Dopa-reaction and electron microscopic autoradiography of 3 H-dopa

The intracellular pathways involved in melanogenesis i

Realization of Strategic Analysis of Manutan s.r.o. Company

Import 22/07/2015V této práci je popsána strategická analýza firmy Manutan s. r. o. Teoretická část obsahuje vymezení základních pojmů a analýz. Praktická část je zaměřená na aplikaci analýz, vymezení závěru a doporučení pro analyzovanou firmu.In this work is described strategic analysis of the company Manutan s.r.o. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts and analysis. The practical part is devoted to the application of analysis, definition of conclusions and recommendations for the analyzed company.115 - Katedra managementuvýborn

A novel method, digital genome scanning detects KRAS gene amplification in gastric cancers: involvement of overexpressed wild-type KRAS in downstream signaling and cancer cell growth

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gastric cancer is the third most common malignancy affecting the general population worldwide. Aberrant activation of KRAS is a key factor in the development of many types of tumor, however, oncogenic mutations of <it>KRAS </it>are infrequent in gastric cancer. We have developed a novel quantitative method of analysis of DNA copy number, termed digital genome scanning (DGS), which is based on the enumeration of short restriction fragments, and does not involve PCR or hybridization. In the current study, we used DGS to survey copy-number alterations in gastric cancer cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>DGS of gastric cancer cell lines was performed using the sequences of 5000 to 15000 restriction fragments. We screened 20 gastric cancer cell lines and 86 primary gastric tumors for <it>KRAS </it>amplification by quantitative PCR, and investigated <it>KRAS </it>amplification at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels by mutational analysis, real-time PCR, immunoblot analysis, GTP-RAS pull-down assay and immunohistochemical analysis. The effect of <it>KRAS </it>knock-down on the activation of p44/42 MAP kinase and AKT and on cell growth were examined by immunoblot and colorimetric assay, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>DGS analysis of the HSC45 gastric cancer cell line revealed the amplification of a 500-kb region on chromosome 12p12.1, which contains the <it>KRAS </it>gene locus. Amplification of the <it>KRAS </it>locus was detected in 15% (3/20) of gastric cancer cell lines (8–18-fold amplification) and 4.7% (4/86) of primary gastric tumors (8–50-fold amplification). <it>KRAS </it>mutations were identified in two of the three cell lines in which <it>KRAS </it>was amplified, but were not detected in any of the primary tumors. Overexpression of KRAS protein correlated directly with increased <it>KRAS </it>copy number. The level of GTP-bound KRAS was elevated following serum stimulation in cells with amplified wild-type <it>KRAS</it>, but not in cells with amplified mutant <it>KRAS</it>. Knock-down of <it>KRAS </it>in gastric cancer cells that carried amplified wild-type <it>KRAS </it>resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and suppression of p44/42 MAP kinase and AKT activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study highlights the utility of DGS for identification of copy-number alterations. Using DGS, we identified <it>KRAS </it>as a gene that is amplified in human gastric cancer. We demonstrated that gene amplification likely forms the molecular basis of overactivation of KRAS in gastric cancer. Additional studies using a larger cohort of gastric cancer specimens are required to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of <it>KRAS </it>amplification and overexpression.</p

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

チロシンキナーゼ阻害薬ダサチニブはCpG DNAのエンドゾーム内輸送を標的とすることにより、形質細胞様樹状細胞のサイトカイン産生を抑制する

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第17423号医博第3766号新制||医||997(附属図書館)30189京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 前川 平, 教授 長田 重一, 教授 長澤 丘司学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA