Nonlinear Neumann boundary stabilization of the wave equation using rotated multipliers

The rotated multipliers method is performed in the case of the boundary stabilization by means of a(linear or non-linear) Neumann feedback. this method leads to new geometrical cases concerning the "active" part of the boundary where the feedback is apllied. Due to mixed boundary conditions, these cases generate singularities. Under a simple geometrical conditon concerning the orientation of boundary, we obtain a stabilization result in both cases.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

Repression of SOX6 transcriptional activity by SUMO modification

AbstractSOX6 plays key functions in several developmental processes, including neurogenesis and skeleton formation. In this report, we show that SOX6 is modified in vitro and in vivo by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) on two distinct sites. Mutation of both sites abolished SOX6 sumoylation and increased SOX6 transcriptional activity. SUMO dependent repression of SOX6 transcription was promoted by UBC9 whereas siRNA to UBC9, cotransfection of inactive UBC9 or a SUMO protease increased SOX6 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, co-expression of SOX6 with SUMO2 results in the appearance of SOX6 in a punctate nuclear pattern that colocalized with promyelocytic leukemia protein, which was partially abolished by mutations in SOX6 sumoylation sites

Un yacimiento de cazadores-recolectores marinos en la terraza litoral de Bajo Patache, sur de Iquique

El presente artículo presenta los nuevos e importantes descubrimientos en la terraza litoral al pie del oasis de niebla, a partir de Noviembre de 2003, que junto a estudios anteriores conforman un cuadro general bastante completo de los patrones de asentamiento, modus vivendi, costumbres y actividades económicas de los antiguos pobladores costeros del norte de Chile, que reafirman la enorme importancia que adquirió el ecosistema de oasis de niebla costero en el género de vida, tipos de asentamiento y desplazamientos de los cazadores-recolectores marinos del litoral norte.Cet article présente les nouvelles et importantes découvertes dans la terrasse littorale se trouvant au pied de l’oasis de brume, à partir de Novembre 2003, lesquelles, associées à des études antérieures, conforment un cadre général très complet de patrons d’établissement, modus vivendi, d’habitudes et d’activités économiques des anciens habitants de la côte dans le nord du Chili, ce qui renforce l’importance de l’écosystème de l’oasis de brume côtier quant à la connaissance du mode de vie, de types d’établissement et de déplacements des chasseurs-cueilleurs marins du littoral du nord.This paper presents important new findings on the terrace at the foot of coastal mist oases, from November 2003, which together with previous studies form a fairly complete picture of settlement patterns, modus vivendi, customs and economic activities of the ancient inhabitants of northern coastal Chile, to reaffirm the great importance that acquired the ecosystem of coastal mist oases in the way of life, types of settlement and displacement of hunter-gatherers of the north coast marine

Un yacimiento de cazadores-recolectores marinos en la terraza litoral de Bajo Patache, sur de Iquique

El presente artículo presenta los nuevos e importantes descubrimientos en la terraza litoral al pie del oasis de niebla, a partir de Noviembre de 2003, que junto a estudios anteriores conforman un cuadro general bastante completo de los patrones de asentamiento, modus vivendi, costumbres y actividades económicas de los antiguos pobladores costeros del norte de Chile, que reafirman la enorme importancia que adquirió el ecosistema de oasis de niebla costero en el género de vida, tipos de asentamiento y desplazamientos de los cazadores-recolectores marinos del litoral norte.Cet article présente les nouvelles et importantes découvertes dans la terrasse littorale se trouvant au pied de l’oasis de brume, à partir de Novembre 2003, lesquelles, associées à des études antérieures, conforment un cadre général très complet de patrons d’établissement, modus vivendi, d’habitudes et d’activités économiques des anciens habitants de la côte dans le nord du Chili, ce qui renforce l’importance de l’écosystème de l’oasis de brume côtier quant à la connaissance du mode de vie, de types d’établissement et de déplacements des chasseurs-cueilleurs marins du littoral du nord.This paper presents important new findings on the terrace at the foot of coastal mist oases, from November 2003, which together with previous studies form a fairly complete picture of settlement patterns, modus vivendi, customs and economic activities of the ancient inhabitants of northern coastal Chile, to reaffirm the great importance that acquired the ecosystem of coastal mist oases in the way of life, types of settlement and displacement of hunter-gatherers of the north coast marine

A global Carleman estimate in a transmission wave equation and application to a one-measurement inverse problem

We consider a transmission wave equation in two embedded domains in $R^2$, where the speed is $a1 > 0$ in the inner domain and $a2 > 0$ in the outer domain. We prove a global Carleman inequality for this problem under the hypothesis that the inner domain is strictly convex and $a1 > a2$ . As a consequence of this inequality, uniqueness and Lip- schitz stability are obtained for the inverse problem of retrieving a stationary potential for the wave equation with Dirichlet data and discontinuous principal coefficient from a single time-dependent Neumann boundary measurement

The Helium and Carbon Isotope Characteristics of the Andean Convergent Margin

Subduction zones represent the interface between Earth’s interior (crust and mantle) and exterior (atmosphere and oceans), where carbon and other volatile elements are actively cycled between Earth reservoirs by plate tectonics. Helium is a sensitive tracer of volatile sources and can be used to deconvolute mantle and crustal sources in arcs; however it is not thought to be recycled into the mantle by subduction processes. In contrast, carbon is readily recycled, mostly in the form of carbon-rich sediments, and can thus be used to understand volatile delivery via subduction. Further, carbon is chemically-reactive and isotope fractionation can be used to determine the main processes controlling volatile movements within arc systems. Here, we report helium isotope and abundance data for 42 deeply-sourced fluid and gas samples from the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) and Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) of the Andean Convergent Margin (ACM). Data are used to assess the influence of subduction parameters (e.g., crustal thickness, subduction inputs, and convergence rate) on the composition of volatiles in surface volcanic fluid and gas emissions. He isotopes from the CVZ backarc range from 0.1 to 2.6 RA (n = 23), with the highest values in the Puna and the lowest in the Sub-Andean foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Atmosphere-corrected He isotopes from the SVZ range from 0.7 to 5.0 RA (n = 19). Taken together, these data reveal a clear southeastward increase in 3He/4He, with the highest values (in the SVZ) falling below the nominal range associated with pure upper mantle helium (8 ± 1 RA), approaching the mean He isotope value for arc gases of (5.4 ± 1.9 RA). Notably, the lowest values are found in the CVZ, suggesting more significant crustal inputs (i.e., assimilation of 4He) to the helium budget. The crustal thickness in the CVZ (up to 70 km) is significantly larger than in the SVZ, where it is just ∼40 km. We suggest that crustal thickness exerts a primary control on the extent of fluid-crust interaction, as helium and other volatiles rise through the upper plate in the ACM. We also report carbon isotopes from (n = 11) sites in the CVZ, where δ13C varies between −15.3‰ and −1.2‰ [vs. Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB)] and CO2/3He values that vary by over two orders of magnitude (6.9 × 108–1.7 × 1011). In the SVZ, carbon isotope ratios are also reported from (n = 13) sites and vary between −17.2‰ and −4.1‰. CO2/3He values vary by over four orders of magnitude (4.7 × 107–1.7 × 1012). Low δ13C and CO2/3He values are consistent with CO2 removal (e.g., calcite precipitation and gas dissolution) in shallow hydrothermal systems. Carbon isotope fractionation modeling suggests that calcite precipitation occurs at temperatures coincident with the upper temperature limit for life (122°C), suggesting that biology may play a role in C-He systematics of arc-related volcanic fluid and gas emissions.Fil: Barry, P. H.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: De Moor, J. M.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA (UNA);Fil: Chiodi, Agostina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Aguilera, F.. Universidad Católica del Norte; ChileFil: Hudak, M. R.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Bekaert, D. V.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Turner, S. J.. University of Massachussets; Estados UnidosFil: Curtice, J.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Seltzer, A. M.. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Jessen, G. L.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Osses, E.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Blamey, J. M.. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; ChileFil: Amenábar, M. J.. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; ChileFil: Selci, M.. University Of Naples Federico Ii; ItaliaFil: Cascone, M.. University Of Naples Federico Ii; ItaliaFil: Bastianoni, A.. University Of Naples Federico Ii; ItaliaFil: Nakagawa, M.. Tokyo Institute Of Technology; JapónFil: Filipovich, Ruben Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Bustos, Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Schrenk, M. O.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Buongiorno, J.. Maryville College; Estados UnidosFil: Ramírez, C. J.. Servicio Geológico Ambiental (segeoam); Costa RicaFil: Rogers, T. J.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Lloyd, K. G.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Giovannelli, D.. Institute Of Marine Biological Resources And Biotechno; Itali

Interleukin 17 inhibits myogenic and promotes osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by activating ERK1,2

The present study evaluated the role of interleukin (IL) 17 in multilineage commitment of C2C12 myoblastic cells and investigated associated signaling pathways. The results concerning the effects on cell function showed that IL-17 inhibits the migration of C2C12 cells, while not affecting their proliferation. The data regarding the influence on differentiation demonstrated that IL-17 inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells by down-regulating the myogenin mRNA level, myosin heavy chain expression and myotube formation, but promotes their osteogenic differentiation by up-regulating the Runt-related transcription factor 2 mRNA level, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. IL-17 exerted these effects by activating ERK1,2 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which in turn regulated the expression of relevant genes and proteins to inhibit myogenic differentiation and induce osteogenic differentiation. Additional analysis showed that the induction of osteogenic differentiation by IL-17 is independent of BMP signaling. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of IL-17 not only to inhibit the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts but also to convert their differentiation pathway into that of osteoblast lineage providing new insight into the capacities of IL-17 to modulate the differentiation commitment

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe