A Computerized Planning Model for Small Farms in Southeastern South Dakota

Structural changes in agriculture resulting in fewer and larger farms carries strong implications for smaller farms. Included in the small farm group are small, low-resource, and part-time farmers, some of which are unable to generate an adequate income due to limited resources. This research study has developed a managerial tool for assisting low-resource farmers in developing optimal farm plans. The planning model is an interaction of familiar components (budgets) with a complex mathematical model (linear progra111T1ing) to provide an efficient analytical tool for use by farmers to aid in their managerial process. This study has placed emphasis upon the development of an LP model which is representative of small farm operations in Southeastern South Dakota. The model may be employed by altering the input-output coefficients to make the model representative of a specific farm situation. Price data may also be entered so that the model accurately reflects an individual operator\u27s price expectations. Methodology for changing input data and obtaining output has been a major concern of this study. Additional effort was placed upon the development of budgets for small scale enterprises and off-farm employment to be incorporated into the model. A primary objective has been to provide a simple method to transfer the farmer\u27s personal situation into a computer program which allows for more precise and detailed analysis than may otherwise be possible. To use this planning model, a farmer must complete the individual enterprise budgets. The procedure for doing this has been simplified by using basic budgets. Following the completion of the budgets, it is necessary to complete the Profit and Price Input Sheets and the Supplies of Available Resources sheets. With the completion of these sheets, the information required to run the computer program has been gathered. Information required for the completion of the crop budgets is available in Chapter 3. The information provided should be studied, and the budgets changed, if necessary, to reflect the personal situation. The crop activities to be included in the model should then be checked on the Profit and Price Input Sheet for crops, available in Chapter 6. Any profit figures, computed through the budgets, that are different from those given in the model should be transferred to this sheet. The sell prices on this sheet should also be studied and changed as desired. The information required for the completion of the livestock budgets is available in Chapter 4. The procedure for submitting personal data follows the same guidelines as used in the crop budget discussion. Then the profit figures are transferred from the budgets to the Profit and Price Input Sheets for livestock, al so in Chapter 6. Personal price expectations are then supplied for the corresponding supplemental activities. The supplemental activities required for the various production activities immediately follow the production activities for each livestock type. It is very important to keep the buy price for a commodity higher than the sell price for the same commodity. The final step in the data submission process is to complete the Supplies of Available Resources sheet in Chapter 6. The discussion and information needed are detailed in Chapter 5. Off-farm employment alternatives, farm labor supplies, and family living expenses are discussed and completed. The supply values are then transferred to the Supplies of Available Resources\u27\u27 sheets. Land acreage and available capital are also completed in this section. With the completion of the previous steps, all information needed to run the computer program has been gathered. The computer outputs a final plan, which is returned to the farmer that is as realistic as the initially supplied information. The final plan is identical in format to the example farm output in Chapter 7

A Mathematical programming Model for Small Scale Family Farms in South Eastern South Dakota

Many farm operators are anxious to use the very latest technological tools in forward planning their farming operations. Among those tools are the computer and mathematical programming models. Small scale family farmers in southeastern South Dakota are as much in need of such technology as any businessman, industrialist, or large farm operator. However, the technical expertise necessary for developing and using a mathematical model has placed a limitation on its practical application. This publication presents a model for small scale family farm operations in southeastern South Dakota along with data input-output procedures that may be used by any person not specially trained in linear programming

Muscle injuries in sports: a new evidence-informed and expert consensus-based classification with clinical application

Muscle injuries are among the most common injuries in sport and continue to be a major concern because of training and competition time loss, challenging decision making regarding treatment and return to sport, and a relatively high recurrence rate. An adequate classification of muscle injury is essential for a full understanding of the injury and to optimize its management and return-to-play process. The ongoing failure to establish a classification system with broad acceptance has resulted from factors such as limited clinical applicability, and the inclusion of subjective findings and ambiguous terminology. The purpose of this article was to describe a classification system for muscle injuries with easy clinical application, adequate grouping of injuries with similar functional impairment, and potential prognostic value. This evidence-informed and expert consensus-based classification system for muscle injuries is based on a four-letter initialism system: MLG-R, respectively referring to the mechanism of injury (M), location of injury (L), grading of severity (G), and number of muscle re-injuries (R). The goal of the classification is to enhance communication between healthcare and sports-related professionals and facilitate rehabilitation and return-to-play decision making

Psychotherapieforschung

These guidelines address the diagnosis and management of atherosclerotic, aneurysmal, and thromboembolic peripheral arterial diseases (PADs). The clinical manifestations of PAD are a major cause of acute and chronic illness, are associated with decrements in functional capacity and quality of life, cause limb amputation, and increase the risk of death. Whereas the term “peripheral arterial disease” encompasses a large series of disorders that affect arterial beds exclusive of the coronary arteries, this writing committee chose to limit the scope of the work of this document to include the disorders of the abdominal aorta, renal and mesenteric arteries, and lower extremity arteries. The purposes of the full guidelines are to (a) aid in the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of PAD of the aorta and lower extremities, addressing its prevalence, impact on quality of life, cardiovascular ischemic risk, and risk of critical limb ischemia (CLI); (b) aid in the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of renal and visceral arterial diseases; and (c) improve the detection and treatment of abdominal and branch artery aneurysms. Clinical management guidelines for other arterial beds (e.g., the thoracic aorta, carotid and vertebral arteries, and upper-extremity arteries) have been excluded from the current guidelines to focus on the infradiaphragmatic arterial system and in recognition of the robust evidence base that exists for the aortic, visceral, and lower extremity arteries