Habilidades sociales y bullying en estudiantes de una institución educativa de Chimbote

El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de relacionar las habilidades sociales y el bullying en estudiantes de una institución educativa estatal de la ciudad de Chimbote; asimismo tratará de describir cada una de la variable para caracterizar el nivel de incidencia en los estudiantes del grupo estudiado. El tipo de investigación es básica, descriptiva, correlacional, de diseño no experimental y transversal. Para medir dichas variables de utilizarán como instrumentos la Escala de Habilidades sociales de Gismero y el test Cisneros para medir el bullying o acoso escolar. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilística y estuvo conformada por 142 estudiante entre varones y mujeres y edades entre los 12 y 17 años. Se concluye que la relación entre habilidades sociales y bullying es significativa y que existe una relación medianamente positiva entre las variables; asimismo, se reporta que el 44% de los estudiantes presentan un nivel bajo de habilidades sociales y un 33% entre el nivel normal y normal bajo; por otro lado con respecto al bullying, el 21,8% presentan un nivel medio e igualmente el 21,8% en el nivel casi bajo, sin embrago existe un 10,6% que se encuentra en el nivel muy alto acoso escolar o intimidación entre los adolescentes estudiados.Trabajo de investigació

Relación entre procrastinación general y académica y dimensiones de personalidad en estudiantes universitarios, Chimbote - 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la existencia de relación entre la procrastinación o hábito de postergar la realización de tareas importantes y los tipos de la personalidad en los estudiantes universitarios. El estudio corresponde a una investigación de carácter descriptiva y relacional, de corte transversal. La población estará constituida por los estudiantes, varones y mujeres del tercer ciclo de estudios en las escuelas profesionales de Psicologia, Enfermería, Tecnología Médica y Obstetricia matriculados en el semestre académico 2016 ? I. Los instrumentos a utilizarse serán el inventario de personalidad de Eysenck forma B (EPI) y la escala de procrastinación general y académica de Busko. Se espera determinar frecuencia de la procrastinación asociado en forma positiva o negativa al perfil de personalidad de los alumnos.Trabajo de investigació

Furiously fast and red: sub-second optical flaring in V404 Cyg during the 2015 outburst peak

We present observations of rapid (sub-second) optical flux variability in V404 Cyg during its 2015 June outburst. Simultaneous three-band observations with the ULTRACAM fast imager on four nights show steep power spectra dominated by slow variations on ∼100–1000 s time-scales. Near the peak of the outburst on June 26, a dramatic change occurs and additional, persistent sub-second optical flaring appears close in time to giant radio and X-ray flaring. The flares reach peak optical luminosities of ∼ few × 1036 erg s−1. Some are unresolved down to a time resolution of 24 ms. Whereas the fast flares are stronger in the red, the slow variations are bluer when brighter. The redder slopes, emitted power and characteristic time-scales of the fast flares can be explained as optically thin synchrotron emission from a compact jet arising on size scales ∼140–500 Gravitational radii (with a possible additional contribution by a thermal particle distribution). The origin of the slower variations is unclear. The optical continuum spectral slopes are strongly affected by dereddening uncertainties and contamination by strong Hα emission, but the variations of these slopes follow relatively stable loci as a function of flux. Cross-correlating the slow variations between the different bands shows asymmetries on all nights consistent with a small red skew (i.e. red lag). X-ray reprocessing and non-thermal emission could both contribute to these. These data reveal a complex mix of components over five decades in time-scale during the outburst

Enhanced infection prophylaxis reduces mortality in severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults and older children initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe: the REALITY trial

Meeting abstract FRAB0101LB from 21st International AIDS Conference 18–22 July 2016, Durban, South Africa. Introduction: Mortality from infections is high in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV‐infected adults and children with advanced disease in sub‐Saharan Africa. Whether an enhanced package of infection prophylaxis at ART initiation would reduce mortality is unknown. Methods: The REALITY 2×2×2 factorial open‐label trial (ISRCTN43622374) randomized ART‐naïve HIV‐infected adults and children >5 years with CD4 <100 cells/mm3. This randomization compared initiating ART with enhanced prophylaxis (continuous cotrimoxazole plus 12 weeks isoniazid/pyridoxine (anti‐tuberculosis) and fluconazole (anti‐cryptococcal/candida), 5 days azithromycin (anti‐bacterial/protozoal) and single‐dose albendazole (anti‐helminth)), versus standard‐of‐care cotrimoxazole. Isoniazid/pyridoxine/cotrimoxazole was formulated as a scored fixed‐dose combination. Two other randomizations investigated 12‐week adjunctive raltegravir or supplementary food. The primary endpoint was 24‐week mortality. Results: 1805 eligible adults (n = 1733; 96.0%) and children/adolescents (n = 72; 4.0%) (median 36 years; 53.2% male) were randomized to enhanced (n = 906) or standard prophylaxis (n = 899) and followed for 48 weeks (3.8% loss‐to‐follow‐up). Median baseline CD4 was 36 cells/mm3 (IQR: 16–62) but 47.3% were WHO Stage 1/2. 80 (8.9%) enhanced versus 108(12.2%) standard prophylaxis died before 24 weeks (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54–0.97) p = 0.03; Figure 1) and 98(11.0%) versus 127(14.4%) respectively died before 48 weeks (aHR = 0.75 (0.58–0.98) p = 0.04), with no evidence of interaction with the two other randomizations (p > 0.8). Enhanced prophylaxis significantly reduced incidence of tuberculosis (p = 0.02), cryptococcal disease (p = 0.01), oral/oesophageal candidiasis (p = 0.02), deaths of unknown cause (p = 0.02) and (marginally) hospitalisations (p = 0.06) but not presumed severe bacterial infections (p = 0.38). Serious and grade 4 adverse events were marginally less common with enhanced prophylaxis (p = 0.06). CD4 increases and VL suppression were similar between groups (p > 0.2). Conclusions: Enhanced infection prophylaxis at ART initiation reduces early mortality by 25% among HIV‐infected adults and children with advanced disease. The pill burden did not adversely affect VL suppression. Policy makers should consider adopting and implementing this low‐cost broad infection prevention package which could save 3.3 lives for every 100 individuals treated