From Economic Activity to Understanding Spaces

This paper constructs the probability space underlying the random variable of any time dependent econometric specification. The construction links concrete economic activity, both perceived and recorded, and econometric formulations. Furthermore, it is argued that the probability events belonging to this space are forms of understanding economic activity held by each agent. The model establishes two aspects of any econometric formulation. Mainly, that learning must be unique between any two ticks of the clock and that not all forms of understandings can indeed become events in the random variable’s probability space. Finally, a model of the dependencies based on agent-based understandings, and evolution thereof, is presented as well.Knowledge intuitions probability

Salivary biomarkers in psychobiological medicine.

The value of salivary biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic assessments has become increasingly well established in medicine, pharmacology, and dentistry. Certain salivary components mirror the neuro-endocrine status of the organism. Other saliva products are protein in nature, and can serve to reflect immune surveillance processes. The autonomic nervous system regulates the process of salivation, and the concentration of yet other salivary components, such as alpha-amylase, which provide a reliable outcome measure of the sympathetic response. Here, we discuss molecular technologies that have permitted giant steps in the utilization of salivary samples and micro-fluidics for the benefit of diagnostic medicine and dentistry, and their putative role in springing forward research in psychobiology

Homemade poetic works on the internet: Freedom and creativity

Durante siglos la circulación de textos de las literaturas nacionales ha sido gobernada por unas instituciones de poder vinculadas a las élites políticas y culturales. La academia, la institución escolar y los editores han establecido un canon, es decir, una selección de lecturas que todo lector debía conocer. En el orden mundial, el canon también obedece a unas relaciones de poder: las literaturas pertenecientes a países y a lenguas hegemónicas han gozado de una difusión e influencia mucho mayor que las literaturas subalternas. En el actual contexto de Internet las dinámicas tradicionales de circulación de los textos literarios están cambiando gracias al progresivo empoderamiento de creadores y lectores. En nuestro artículo vamos a demostrar cómo nuevas creaciones domésticas, prácticas y actitudes que vinculan poesía y tecnología digital están propiciando una nueva circulación del patrimonio literario y la eclosión de nuevos géneros que configuran unos prometedores escenarios basados en una mayor libertad, riqueza cultural y equidad

Fortification and Frontier: The Project Drawn up by Juan Martín Zermeño for Puebla de Sanabria in 1766

Following the death of engineer General Jorge Próspero de Verboom in 1744 and after a few years of transition in the management of Spanish fortifications, Juan Martín Zermeño took on the role, initially with a temporary mandate, but then definitively during a second period that ran from 1766 until his death in 1772. He began this second period with a certain amount of concern because of what had taken place during the last period of conflict. The Seven Years War (1756–1763) which had brought Spain into conflict with Portugal and England in the Caribbean had also lead to conflict episodes along the Spanish–Portuguese border. Zermeño’s efforts as a planner and general engineer gave priority to the northern part of the Spanish–Portuguese border. After studying the territory and the existing fortifications on both sides of the border, Zermeño drew up three important projects in 1766. The outposts that needed to be reinforced were located, from north to south, at Puebla de Sanabria, Zamora and Ciudad Rodrigo, which is where he is believed to have come from. This latter township already had a modern installation built immediately after the war of the Spanish Succession and reinforced with the Fort of La Concepción. However, Zamora and Puebla de Sanabria had some obsolete fortifications that needed modernising. Since the middle of the 15th century Puebla de Sanabria had had a modern castle with rounded turrets, that of the counts of benavente. During the 16th and 17th centuries it had also been equipped with a walled enclosure with small bastions. During the war of the Spanish Succession the Portuguese had enlarged the enclosure and had erected a tentative offshoot to the west. In order to draw up the ambitious Puebla de Sanabria project Zermeño had the aid of some previous reports and projects, such as those by the count of robelin in 1722, the one by Antonio de Gaver in 1752, and Pedro Moreau’s report dated June 1755. This study includes a technical analysis of Zermeño’s project and its strategic position within the system of fortifications along the Spanish–Portuguese border

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationTreatment adherence remains a major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) control. Mobile phone text messaging is a promising tool to support TB treatment adherence. The purpose of this study was to develop a text messaging intervention to promote TB treatment adherence, assess feasibility and acceptability, and to explore initial efficacy. A collaborative team of clinicians, administrators and patients in treatment developed the intervention. Content analysis, based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, guided educational message selection. To identify considerations for a larger trial a socio-technical evaluation model adapted from Conford, and Barber and associates was applied. The intervention was implemented as a mixed-method, randomized controlled pilot-study at a public pulmonary-specialized hospital in Argentina. Patients newly diagnosed with TB who were18 or older, without drug resistance or HIV, and had access to a mobile phone were recruited. Participants were randomized to usual care plus either medication calendar (n=19) or text messaging intervention (n=18) for the first 2 months of treatment. Data were obtained through interviews, field notes, self-reported adherence, sputum microscopy, and treatment outcomes. Most potential participants had access to mobile phones and knew how to send a text, supporting feasibility of the intervention. The majority of the participants (60%) indicated not being adequately informed about disease or treatment. Participants identified themes of feeling cared for, responsible for their treatment and valued the option to ask questions and receive quick answers. Texting group participants reported adherence 77% of the days (SD 23.5, range 22-100), whereas only 53% in the control group returned calendars. Sputum conversion and treatment outcomes were similar in both groups. Considerations for conducting a larger trial included reducing cost, improving the automated features, and strengthening capacity to return patients to treatment. A collaborative approach and application of the IMB model to guide development was supported. Overall the texting intervention was well accepted and feasible, daily reporting was superior, and adherence was monitored in real time. Although there was not clear evidence that the texting intervention was more efficacious, feasibility and acceptability results suggest that there is value in assessing this interactive intervention in a larger-scale study

Gitanos y payos. Dos mundos y dos ideas sobre la libertad en “la Gitanilla”.

En el trasfondo de una clara familiaridad con la raza gitana (¿tuvo el autor ascendientes gitanos?), Cervantes contrasta en el alma y en las maneras de Esmeralda "La Gitanilla" dos perspectivas opuestas de la libertad humana. La libertad gitana es vitalista y naturalista. Es más libertad que norma. En contraste, el concepto de libertad de la tradición española es eminentemente teologal y conduce a vivir la norma con aceptación interna y voluntad libre.With a background of a clear familiarity with the Gipsy ethnia (is the author a man with gipsy ancestors?), Cervantes contrasted, in the soul and manners of Esmeralda -“La Gitanilla”-, two opposed perspectives of freedom and human liberty. The gipsy freedom is vitalist, and being more "nature like", it is more freedom that norm. In contrast, the eminently theological concept of freedom of the Spanish tradition leads to live the norm with inner acceptance and free will

El aprendizaje cooperativo como metodología para dar respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado con Síndrome de Asperger

[ES] El presente trabajo de fin de grado tiene el objetivo de analizar la eficacia de la metodología del aprendizaje cooperativo para, a través de ella, dar respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado con Síndrome de Asperger. Posteriormente, se mide la eficacia de dicha metodología, a través de un cuestionario de autoevaluación, un cuestionario de análisis de las habilidades sociales del alumno y por una rúbrica de evaluación. Los resultados indican que el alumno mejora en el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y en su inclusión en el aula y que la metodología utilizada es eficaz.[EUS] Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburu nagusia Ikasketa Kooperatibo izeneko metodologiaren eraginkortasuna aztertzea da, horren bitartez, Asperger Sindromea daukan ikasleriaren premiei erantzuteko. Jarraian, metodologia horren eraginkortasuna neurtzen da, autoebaluazio galdetegi bat, ikaslearen gaitasun sozialak analizatzen dituen beste galdetegi bat nahiz ebaluazio errubrika bat erabiliz. Lortutako emaitzek ikasleak gaitasun sozialen garapenean eta talde klasean adierazten duen inklusio mailan hobetzen duela baieztatzen dute, baita erabilitako metodologia egokia dela haren behar zehatzei erantzuteko ere.[EN] The following senior research aims to analyze the effectiveness and success achieved by the Cooperative Learning methodology in order to provide a response to those students dealing with the Asperger Syndrome. Along this research, the effectiveness of the methodology is measures by an auto evaluative questionnaire, a survey regarding the social abilities of the student, and an assesment rubric. The results show how the students´social abilities are developed by the methodology mentioned before, as well as its capacity to adapt to the classroom. All of these results prove that the methodology is able to provide the needed response for these students