The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel

A major challenge of biology is understanding the relationship between molecular genetic variation and variation in quantitative traits, including fitness. This relationship determines our ability to predict phenotypes from genotypes and to understand how evolutionary forces shape variation within and between species. Previous efforts to dissect the genotype-phenotype map were based on incomplete genotypic information. Here, we describe the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a community resource for analysis of population genomics and quantitative traits. The DGRP consists of fully sequenced inbred lines derived from a natural population. Population genomic analyses reveal reduced polymorphism in centromeric autosomal regions and the X chromosome, evidence for positive and negative selection, and rapid evolution of the X chromosome. Many variants in novel genes, most at low frequency, are associated with quantitative traits and explain a large fraction of the phenotypic variance. The DGRP facilitates genotype-phenotype mapping using the power of Drosophila genetics

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Current paradigms in the international management field: an author co-citation analysis

Although many papers have aimed at describing the evolution of the International Management (IM) field, most of them have applied a subjective approach. Instead of trying to establish the most current research lines or interests, this study investigates the intellectual structure that serves as a basis for the IM research. To achieve this aim, we try to identify the main research trends used in the most relevant IM journals. By means of the co-citation analysis, we analyze the articles published in five top journals from 1997 to 2000, identifying the main trends and analyzing their dissemination within those journals

An integrative model of the role of knowledge in the internationalization process

Knowledge is considered an essential resource in a company's internationalization process, both from the sequential point of view and from the perspective of International Entrepreneurship. This paper proposes a model to integrate the influence of knowledge on international behavior based on proposals taken from the literature on organizational learning in multinational companies. The model comprises several phases: prior knowledge; acquisition of new knowledge; integration of both sets of knowledge; action and feedback. Using the proposed model, different courses of action are identified for further research into the process of company internationalization

Encephalo-splenial-polyradiculoneropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection [Encéfalo-esplenio-polirradiculoneuritis asociada a infección por virus de la hepatitis C]

Based on the favorable results obtained in previous investigations, the present study assessed the statistical validity and reliability of the limbic structure clinical evaluation scale EV-POL. An additional purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the scale in all of its component subscales. The scale was applied to thirty patients with clinical diagnose for limbic structure problems; additionally thirty healthy subjects completed the scale. Results showed direct and statistically significant split half correlations in all the subscales. Additionally the results showed that the scale's ratings were significantly higher in the clinical group than in the control group in all of the component subscales. Thus, the results suggest that the scale is reliable and presents empirical validity in all of its subscales

Amperometric titration of fructan oligosaccharides of Agave Tequilana Webber, Blue Variety, in a rotating disk electrode

This paper deals with a simple, rapid and sensitive method for quantifying oligosaccharides of fructans of Agave Tequilana Webber a Blue Variety. The method is based on the oxidation of the carbonyl group of the oligosaccharide in its linear open-ring with ferricyanide ions in a RDE (rotating disk electrode). The amperometric titration is carried out at different temperatures, e.g., 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and 85 °C as a strategy to control the amount of oligosaccharides with the open-ring as a function of their molecular size. The proposed method allows us to determine concentrations of oligosaccharides as low as 0.71 mM. A calibration curve between the limiting current of the Fe(CN) 6 3- /Fe(CN)6 4- pair and the concentration of the oligosaccharides taking into account the effect of temperature in the physical properties of the system, such as, density, diffusion coefficients and viscosity is also presented. ZapotitlánThe Electrochemical Society

Cenozoic volcanism II: the Canary Islands

The authors thank C. Stillman, R. Tilling and A. Kerr for long hours dedicated to the careful revision of this chapter and for their very helpful comments.Book Description This book provides the first comprehensive account in English of the geology of mainland Spain and the Balearic and Canary Islands. It has been written by 159 research-active, mostly Spanish authors working together in teams from over 20 universities and other centres of research excellence. The 19 chapters begin with an overview of Spanish geology prepared by the editors, followed by a detailed examination of Iberian Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks in Spain, Variscan magmatism and tectonics, and the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary and fossil record. Subsequent chapters deal with the Alpine orogeny in the Pyrenees, Betics and other mountain ranges of Spain and the Balearic Islands, and with Cenozoic magmatism, including the classic hot spot-related volcanism of the Canary Islands. The final chapter focuses on economic and environmental geology, emphasising metallic deposits and industrial minerals, hydrocarbon energy resources, water supply, and modern seismic hazard. Finally a bibliography of around 4000 references provide a uniquely valuable information source. Encompassing subjects as diverse as the origin of Spanish granites, the palaeogeographic and tectonometamorphic history of the Iberian plate, human evolution in the SW Mediterranean, and modern volcanism and earthquake activity, The Geology of Spain is a key reference work suitable not only for libraries across the world, but of interest to all researchers, teachers and students of SW European geology.Peer reviewe