Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 628

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 07 al 13 de octubre de 2021. Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con: Brasil, Chile, Estados Unidos, España, Italia, Reino Unido, China, Pakistán, Afganistán. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: Fondo Monetario Internacional, Movimiento de Países No Alineados, Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina, Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos, Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo, ambiente, Banco Mundial, relaciones económicas internacionales, Organización Mundial del Comercio, G20

Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 661

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 29/07/22 al 04/08/22 Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con Brasil, Colombia, Venezuela, Estados Unidos, Israel y Corea del Sur. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: Fondo Monetario Internacional, Relatoría Especial sobre la Independencia de Magistrados y Abogados de las Naciones Unidas, Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas, Relaciones económicas internacionales, Tratado de No Proliferación de Armas Nucleares y Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo

Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 662

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 05/08/22 al 11/08/22. Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con Chile, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Honduras, Estados Unidos, Israel y China. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático, Relaciones económicas internacionales, Tratado de No Proliferación de Armas Nucleares y Conflicto árabe israelí

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

OPTIMIZACION DE LAS CONDICIONES CROMATOGRAFICAS PARA LA IDENTIFICACION Y SEPARACION DE TIAMINA (B), RIBOFLAVINA (B2) Y NIACINA (B3)

Tesis de Licenciatur

Functional properties and proximate composition of cactus pear cladodes flours

The objective of this research was to study the functional properties and proximate composition of three different flours prepared from cactus pear cladodes. Immature cactus pear cladodes were dried at 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C. The flours were analyzed for chemical composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition, functional properties and color. The analyses showed no significant differences in crude protein, total lipid, crude fiber and total ash content in the flours, possibly due to the drying temperature effect. Nevertheless, during the drying at 80 °C, a reduction of the water holding capacity (55%) was observed, along with a reduction of the green color intensity (34%) - characteristic of cactus pear. The heating produced larger concentrations of tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. In the lipids of the flours, the most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), and oleic acid (C18:1n9). The cladodes flours prepared at 60 °C presented a higher quality regarding their nutritional and functional properties

Informe de Política Exterior Argentina No. 642

Este informe corresponde a la semana del 10 al 17 de marzo de 2022. Se tratan temas sobre relaciones bilaterales con: Chile, Perú, Guatemala, República Dominicana, Costa Rica, Estados Unidos, Francia, España, Unión Europea, Ucrania, Arabia Saudita, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Vaticano. Además, incluye los temas de agenda sobre: relaciones económicas internacionales, Fondo Monetario Internacional, Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos