Análise e desenvolvimento de misturas de concreto permeável para aplicação em pavimentação

As demandas de urbanização trazem consigo a problemática de impermeabilização do solo e a contaminação dos corpos hídricos em virtude das grandes enxurradas. O sistema de drenagem urbana em grandes cidades, mesmo quando sua capacidade é aumentada pelo poder público como forma de mitigar o problema, não contribui para uma gestão eficaz das enchentes. Assim, o grande desafio urbano atual consiste em equilibrar as demandas de desenvolvimento com as questões de sustentabilidade, sob um ponto de vista econômico, social e ecológico. Nesse sentido, o concreto permeável é um material com potencial para ser utilizado no gerenciamento de águas pluviais, uma vez que permite a percolação da água através de seus macroporos interconectados. No entanto, devido a uma série combinada de fatores, incluindo a baixa resistência mecânica, as aplicações do concreto permeável restringem-se ao uso em calçadas, estacionamentos, quadras de recreação e sub-bases para pavimentos convencionais. A implementação de pavimentos de concreto permeável, em vários países (especialmente países emergentes) continua limitada devido à carência de estudos de dosagem e procedimentos técnicos relacionados à preparação do material, método de compactação, testes e, ainda, práticas de construção. Frente às lacunas apontadas, esta pesquisa tem como foco o desenvolvimento de misturas de concreto permeável visando a ampliação da sua aplicação como revestimento para pavimentos de tráfego leve a médio. Para isso, esta tese foi dividida em três fases. A Fase 1 envolve a análise de parâmetros básicos como método de dosagem, compactação, tipo de corpo de prova e a influência da relação água/cimento e aditivo. A Fase 2 busca o aprimoramento do traço em termos mecânicos através de incorporação de materiais alternativos (sílica ativa, fibras e areia). Por fim, a Fase 3 visa contribuir com a análise do material para revestimento de pavimentos, através de análises mecânicas em placas e determinação da espessura utilizando modelos de fadiga existentes. Como resultado, verificou-se que o desempenho do concreto permeável está atrelado a variáveis como consistência, método de compactação e porosidade. Para o aumento da resistência mecânica destaca-se o uso da sílica ativa, resultando em um concreto permeável com possiblidade de uso em pavimentos de tráfego médio.The demands of urbanization bring problems related to soil impermeabilization and the contamination of water systems (e.g., rivers, aquifers) due to frequent floods. The urban drainage system in large cities, even when its capacity is increased by the public administration as a way to mitigate the problem, does not contribute to the effective management of floods. Thus, the great urban challenge is to balance development demands with sustainability issues from an economic, social and ecological point of view. In this sense, pervious concrete is a potential material to be used in the management of rainwater, since it allows percolation of water through its interconnected macropores, either for rainwater systems or for the soil itself. However, due to a large of factors, including low mechanical strength, pervious concrete applications are restricted to use in sidewalks, parking lots, playgrounds and sub-bases for conventional flooring. The implementation of pervious concrete pavements in several countries (especially in emerging-economy countries) continues to be limited due to the lack of mix design parameters and technical procedures related to material preparation, compaction method, testing, and construction practices. To fill in these gaps, this research focuses on the development of pervious concrete mixtures for pavement applications considering light to medium traffic. For this, this thesis was divided into three phases. Phase 1 involves the analysis of basic parameters such as mix design, compaction method, type of test specimen and the influence of water/cement ratio and admixture. Phase 2 aims to improve the mixture in terms of mechanical strength through the incorporation of alternative materials (i.e. silica fume, fibers and sand). Finally, Phase 3 aims to contribute to the analysis of the material for pavement coating, through mechanical analysis in slabs and thickness determination using existing fatigue models. As a result, it was verified that the performance of the pervious concrete is linked to variables such as consistency, compaction method and porosity. In order to increase the mechanical strength, it can be considered the use of silica fume, which results in a pervious concrete with the possibility of use in pavements of medium traffic

MÓDULO 1: UTILIZAÇÃO DE EMBALAGENS TETRA PAK COMO ISOLANTE TÉRMICO DE HABITAÇÕES POPULARES DE MADEIRA

O trabalho tem o intuito de reutilizar embalagens do tipo Tetra Pak pós-consumo geradas na cidade de Alegrete/RS para a confecção de painéis térmicos para vedação vertical. Esse tipo de material é composto por seis camadas sobrepostas que permite que a embalagem apresente propriedades térmicas significativas. Por se tratar de uma embalagem descartável, de difícil processamento para a reciclagem, representa um produto de alto potencial em geração de resíduos. Embora apresentem comprovadamente boas características térmicas, as embalagens ainda são pouco exploradas na área da construção civil. Este projeto de extensão propõem a reutilização de embalagens do tipo “Tetra Pak” como “matéria prima” para a construção de mantas térmicas para painéis verticais. Tendo por objetivo melhorar a saúde pública por meio do aumento do conforto térmico, evitando a entrada de frio, chuva e calor das residências beneficiadas pelo projeto. A metodologia do projeto é dividida em cinco tópicos principais: coleta e higienização das embalagens Tetra Pak; preparação dos painéis térmicos; escolha das residências; aplicação dos painéis nas paredes internas das residências selecionadas e avaliação da satisfação do público alvo. Sendo o público alvo famílias de baixa renda que residam em edificações de madeira na cidade de Alegrete/RS

CURSOS DE APRIMORAMENTO EM CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL E INSTALAÇÕES ELÉTRICAS PREDIAIS

UNIPAMPA ALEGRET

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia