Alopecia frontal fibrosante / Frontal fibrosing alopecia

A alopecia cicatricial é um tipo de alopécia caracterizada pela queda de cabelo de forma irreversível, que pode ser desencadeada por uma malformação, dano ou destruição dos folículos. É dividida em primária, quando ocorre uma destruição inflamatória direta, e secundária, quando o processo inflamatório ou dano acontece no tecido circundante. Dentro das alopecias primárias existem as linfocíticas, neutrofílicas e mista, sendo essa classificação dependente do tipo de células predominante no infiltrado inflamatório. O trabalho aborda os principais pontos a respeito da alopecia frontal fibrosante, desde a etiologia até os tratamentos com maior eficácia. Trata-se de uma revisão literária nas bases de dados bibliográficos PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-America e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Os artigos escolhidos foram selecionados entre os anos 2015 e 2020 e teve como auxílio o uso de descritores em ciências da saúde (DeCS). Foram destacados como principais acometidos as mulheres em período de menopausa, além disso, pontuou-se a relevância dos métodos diagnósticos e sua atuação de forma precoce, a fim de evitar a perda irreversível do folículo. No que diz respeito ao tratamento, apesar de não existir um específico, foi feito um compilado das principais intervenções, que apresenta como empecilho a etiologia obscura na maioria dos casos. É notório que a doença apresenta uma tendência de elevação dos casos, entretanto, questões a respeito da etiologia, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento ainda se apresentam de forma desajustada, logo é substancial a busca por novas pesquisas para avançar em intervenções inovadoras e eficazes e, por efeito, regressão dessa patologia

Inadequação da ingestão de Vitamina D, Cálcio e Zinco em indivíduos com Câncer

Introdução: Câncer é uma enfermidade multicausal que cursa com alterações metabólicas e desnutrição nos indivíduos acometidos. Para minimizar o impacto nutricional da doença e das terapias anticâncer, uma assistência nutricional adequada às necessidades do paciente e ajustada em macro e micronutrientes é indispensável. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de inadequação na ingestão de vitamina D, cálcio e zinco em indivíduos com câncer. Métodos: Estudo original, observacional, transversal e prospectivo, incluindo adultos e idosos com câncer, atendidos em hospital universitário em Natal/RN, Brasil. Foi aplicada Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente e coletados dados de consumo de macro e micronutrientes através de recordatórios 24h. A análise química foi feita no software DietSmart®, a prevalência de inadequação dos micronutrientes foi avaliada utilizando a Necessidade Média Estimada como ponto de corte, e o teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade da distribuição dos dados. Resultados: Dos 69 pacientes incluídos, 56% eram adultos e 58% do sexo feminino. A média de ingestão energética foi de 1654 Kcal, sendo 57% de carboidratos, 20% proteínas e 23% lipídeos. A prevalência de inadequação de vitamina D foi elevada, com mais de 50% na amostra total; a de cálcio alcançou valores maiores que 75%; para o zinco, a inadequação foi de 35,94% nas mulheres e 52,39% nos homens. Conclusão: A população avaliada apresentou alta prevalência de inadequação dos nutrientes avaliados. Os resultados obtidos e a relevância nutricional destes sugerem a importância de traçar estratégias nutricionais para otimizar o suprimento destes micronutrientes em indivíduos com câncer

Análise dos Indicadores de Neoplasia Maligna do Cólon no Brasil em 2024: Estudo Ecológico

INTRODUCTION: Malignant neoplasm of the colon, or colorectal cancer, is a serious condition that arises in the colon or rectum, with high prevalence and global mortality. In Brazil, the combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors contributes to its increase. This study analyzes the rates of hospitalizations, deaths and mortality due to colonic malignancy between January and May 2024, highlighting regional inequalities and the need for more effective health strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to quantify and analyze the rates of hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates due to malignant neoplasia of the colon in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: The retrospective study with a quantitative approach used data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), provided by the SUS Information Technology Department (TABNET/DATASUS). The analysis covered hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates due to malignant colon neoplasia in Brazil from January to May 2024, using descriptive statistics and tabulation in Microsoft Excel 2016 and Microsoft Word 10 spreadsheets. RESULTS: Between January and May 2024, the Southeast Region led with 44.98% of hospitalizations and 58.28% of deaths due to malignant neoplasia of the colon, reflecting a high mortality rate of 10 .78. The North Region had the highest mortality rate (14.37) and only 1.78% of hospitalizations. The South and Northeast regions showed significant numbers, highlighting regional disparities in the management and treatment of colorectal cancer in Brazil. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the analysis of data on hospitalizations, deaths and mortality rates due to malignant colon neoplasia in Brazil between January and May 2024 reveals notable regional disparities, highlighting inequality in access and quality of care. The Southeast Region has better rates due to a more advanced health infrastructure, while the North and Central-West face significant challenges. It is imperative to adopt more equitable healthcare policies and invest in infrastructure to reduce these inequities and improve outcomes for all patients.INTRODUÇÃO: Neoplasia maligna do cólon, ou câncer colorretal, é uma condição grave que surge no cólon ou reto, com alta prevalência e mortalidade global. No Brasil, a combinação de fatores genéticos, ambientais e de estilo de vida contribui para seu aumento. Este estudo analisa as taxas de internações, óbitos e mortalidade por neoplasia maligna do cólon entre janeiro e maio de 2024, destacando desigualdades regionais e a necessidade de estratégias de saúde mais eficazes. OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa quantificar e analisar as taxas de internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de cólon no Brasil. METODOLOGIA: O estudo retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa utilizou dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), fornecidos pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS (TABNET/DATASUS). A análise abrangeu internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de cólon no Brasil de janeiro a maio de 2024, empregando estatística descritiva e tabulação em planilhas do Microsoft Excel 2016 e Microsoft Word 10. RESULTADOS: Entre janeiro e maio de 2024, a Região Sudeste liderou com 44,98% das internações e 58,28% dos óbitos por neoplasia maligna de cólon, refletindo uma alta taxa de mortalidade de 10,78. A Região Norte apresentou a maior taxa de mortalidade (14,37) e apenas 1,78% das internações. As regiões Sul e Nordeste mostraram números significativos, destacando disparidades regionais na gestão e tratamento do câncer colorretal no Brasil. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, a análise dos dados de internações, óbitos e taxas de mortalidade por neoplasia maligna de cólon no Brasil entre janeiro e maio de 2024 revela notáveis disparidades regionais, destacando a desigualdade no acesso e na qualidade dos cuidados. A Região Sudeste apresenta melhores índices devido a uma infraestrutura de saúde mais avançada, enquanto Norte e Centro-Oeste enfrentam desafios significativos. É imperativo adotar políticas de saúde mais equitativas e investir em infraestrutura para reduzir essas desigualdades e melhorar os resultados para todos os pacientes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ