A CONSTRUÇÃO DE TERRITÓRIOS SAUDÁVEIS: O INDIVÍDUO NO CONTEXTO DA VIDA

This article discuss the links between health and territory, and here these concepts are understood in the perspective of building healthy territories. The research contextualize the explanatory models of health-disease process and presents the conceptions of health and illness of individuals of a given territory from the Coromandel – MG. The research uses the concept of social determinants of health as a tool for reading the life contexts and the health situation. Also presents a potent strategy for building healthy territories social mobilization and intersectoral coordination.Este artigo problematiza as relações existentes entre saúde e território, sendo estes conceitos aqui compreendidos na perspectiva da construção de territórios saudáveis. A pesquisa contextualiza os modelos explicativos do processo saúde-doença e apresenta as concepções de saúde e doença de sujeitos de um dado território de Coromandel - MG e utiliza o conceito de determinantes sociais da saúde como ferramenta para a leitura dos contextos de vida e da situação de saúde. Ainda, apresenta como estratégia potente para a construção de territórios saudáveis a mobilização social e a articulação intersetorial

Distribuição espacial da Tuberculose no Norte de Minas Gerais

O objetivo desse artigo é discutir a distribuição espacial da tuberculose no espaço norte mineiro no ano de 2010. A metodologia utilizada consistiu de levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Os dados da ocorrência de tuberculose nos municípios do norte de Minas foram obtidos do SINAN - Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A tuberculose, doença intimamente atrelada às precárias condições de vida da população encontra em algumas regiões brasileiras condições propícias para a sua disseminação, em função da prevenção e controle não serem satisfatórias. Os fatores de risco como grandes concentrações de pessoas, aliadas a falta de saneamento básico, moradias insalubres, subnutrição e higiene inadequada possibilitam a rápida propagação da doença. Percebemos que no norte de Minas Gerais ainda é grande a ocorrência de Tuberculose, surgindo casos novos a cada ano. Sendo assim entendemos que seja necessária a ampliação das ações de prevenção e controle prioritariamente nas áreas com maior ocorrência da doença, devendo ser mais eficaz a atuação de órgãos responsáveis por esse setor

Challenges for Brazilian milk exports

Inclui bibliografia: p. 112-114 e notas de rodapéAlthough Brazil is one of the largest producers in the world, Brazilian milk is still little present internationally. This low presence abroad is due, among other reasons, to the high cost of production and its low quality. The economic crisis, from 2015, stagnated the domestic consumption and resulted in the reduction of milk supply, due to the lack of competitiveness to export. However, results found through technical and managerial assistance projects have highlighted the relevance and feasibility of increasing the efficiency of the milk production chain, through the diffusion of knowledge and technologies, to the point of making it competitive worldwide.Apesar de o Brasil ser um dos maiores produtores mundiais, o leite brasileiro ainda é pouco presente internacionalmente. Essa baixa presença no exterior decorre, entre outros motivos, do alto custo de produção e de sua baixa qualidade. A crise econômica, a partir de 2015, estagnou o consumo doméstico e resultou na redução da oferta de leite, em razão da falta de competitividade para exportar. Entretanto, resultados encontrados por meio de projetos de assistência técnica e gerencial ressaltaram a relevância e a exequibilidade de aumentar a eficiência da cadeia produtiva do leite, mediante a difusão de conhecimentos e tecnologias, a ponto de torná-la competitiva mundialmente. Políticas públicas que privilegiem o aumento da competitividade, em detrimento do protecionismo, e que deem mais importância ao controle da qualidade parecem ser o melhor caminho para ampliar a presença do leite brasileiro no exterior

Wild dogs at stake: deforestation threatens the only Amazon endemic canid, the short-eared dog (Atelocynus microtis)

The persistent high deforestation rate and fragmentation of the Amazon forests are the main threats to their biodiversity. To anticipate and mitigate these threats, it is important to understand and predict how species respond to the rapidly changing landscape. The short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is the only Amazon-endemic canid and one of the most understudied wild dogs worldwide. We investigated short-eared dog habitat associations on two spatial scales. First, we used the largest record database ever compiled for short-eared dogs in combination with species distribution models to map species habitat suitability, estimate its distribution range and predict shifts in species distribution in response to predicted deforestation across the entire Amazon (regional scale). Second, we used systematic camera trap surveys and occupancy models to investigate how forest cover and forest fragmentation affect the space use of this species in the Southern Brazilian Amazon (local scale). Species distribution models suggested that the short-eared dog potentially occurs over an extensive and continuous area, through most of the Amazon region south of the Amazon River. However, approximately 30% of the short-eared dog's current distribution is expected to be lost or suffer sharp declines in habitat suitability by 2027 (within three generations) due to forest loss. This proportion might reach 40% of the species distribution in unprotected areas and exceed 60% in some interfluves (i.e. portions of land separated by large rivers) of the Amazon basin. Our local-scale analysis indicated that the presence of forest positively affected short-eared dog space use, while the density of forest edges had a negative effect. Beyond shedding light on the ecology of the short-eared dog and refining its distribution range, our results stress that forest loss poses a serious threat to the conservation of the species in a short time frame. Hence, we propose a re-assessment of the short-eared dog's current IUCN Red List status (Near Threatened) based on findings presented here. Our study exemplifies how data can be integrated across sources and modelling procedures to improve our knowledge of relatively understudied species

Síndrome do pé torto congênito: uma revisão sistemática / Congenital clubfoot syndrome: a systematic review

O pé torto congênito é uma deformidade causada nos membros inferiores, embora seja mais comum nesta região, outras áreas do corpo podem ser afetadas e as características desta deformidade serem observadas. Em relação à doença, discussões ainda surgem já que a etiologia e o seu tratamento ainda não são completamente contemplados por uma única definição ou método característico de tratamento. Métodos como o de Ponseti e a Osteotomia são mais usados frequentemente. Tendo em vista esses métodos, acreditam ainda que a cirurgia deva ser a última forma de intervenção. Ao utilizarem do método cirúrgico, priorizam corrigir a deformidade de forma localizada, ou seja, à lá carte. Futuramente novos métodos ganharam forma e consequentemente ganharam o lugar de outros. Esta evolução ocorre principalmente pela abrangência acerca do conhecimento etiológico e morfológico, assim as novas formas de tratamento serão um reflexo provenientes destas mudanças acerca da doença

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit