Esencias de un «pequeño príncipe». Didáctica de la literatura y valores

En el presente artículo pretendemos realizar una aproximación a la enseñanza de la Literatura y la relación de la misma con la educación en valores. La conexión sociedad educación nos hace buscar alternativas didácticas que se adapten a la complejidad que en ella se plantea. Por esa razón, estudiaremos el binomio conceptual Didáctica de la Literatura-opción axiológica. Para llevarlo a buen fin, tomaremos como punto de partida el enfoque comunicativo-funcional de la enseñanza propugnando la generación de pensamientos y juicios críticos. Como transposición de la unión entre Literatura y valores para procurar situaciones que se presten a la intervención didáctica hemos optado por estudiar un clásico de la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil: El principito. La gran cantidad de enseñanzas que este texto posee servirán como ejemplificación de la meta que desde el texto propugnamos: la recuperación de la Literatura como importante acompañante de la cotidianeidad y ante todo el divertimiento y aprehensión de conocimiento a través de la misma.In the present text we try to make an approach to Language and Literature Teaching and its relation with education in values. The connection between education and society makes us to search alternatives for teaching adapted to the complexity which is generated. For that reason, we will study the binomial Language and Literature Teaching-axiological option. To make it real, we will take as a starting point the communicative focussing in education trying to find thoughts and critical opinions. As a practical view of the union between Literature and values to create situations which make easy teaching, we have chosen to study a Children’s Literature classic: the little prince. The amount of lessons which this text has will serve as an instance of the goal from this lines we are defending: to recuperate Literature as a friend of us and above all, to get knowledge from a funny way

Competencias básicas: Didáctica de la lengua y las TIC como inclusión educativa

Es nuestro objetivo explicitar la necesidad de incluir en nuestra planifi cación docente los objetivos mínimos “competencias básicas” que deseamos alcanzar con nuestro alumnado con necesidad específica de apoyo educativo y la relación que existe, entre éstas y las necesidades educativas propias deri vadas del déficit o discapacidad de nuestro alumnado. No obstante, destaca mos el primordial papel de las TIC a la hora de cubrir la necesidad de dotar a estos alumnos/as de una vía de interacción con el entorno a través de un adecuado sistema y código de comunicación. Partimos del convencimiento que desde las adaptaciones de acceso y significativas en el área de Lengua Castellana y Literatura se logra solventar uno de los principales escollos y barreras a la hora de llevar a cabo una efectiva inclusión del alumnado en el aula. Las carencias afectivas, falta de interacción con el entorno social e inter cambio de experiencias con su grupo de referencia se mitigan en la medida en que el alumnado puede establecer dichas relaciones. En dicha finalidad el uso de las TIC se nos presenta como un recurso idóneo e imprescindible en la labor de los especialistas de pedagogía terapéutica y de audición y lenguaj

Cómo enseñar a través de los mitos. La Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literaturaen una fábula alegórica

La intención de este artículo es intentar dar una visión acerca de la enseñanza a través de los mitos. Incluyendo los mismos como recurso en el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y Literatura pretendemos ofrecer una alternativa para una mejor formación de las personas. Desde nuestro punto de vista, los mitos todavía están presentes en la sociedad y es posible enseñar muchos aspectos de la vida mediante los mismos. Intentaremos dar una visión de los mitos en nuestros tiempos, efectuando el análisis de sus manifestaciones a través de las artes, su relación con los estereotipos, y por encima de todo, aportando sugerencias didácticas que ayuden al profesorado a mejorar la enseñanza. Todo ello, será desarrollado desde el enfoque crítico de la educación y considerando la comunicación como el punto de partida de toda actividad humana; en la misma se incluirán los mitos como instrumento de transmisión de ideas, sentimientos y explicación de la realidad.The aim of this article is to try to give a view about teaching using myths. Including some as a tool in the area of the Teaching of Language and Literature, we intend to offer an alternative to make a better education. From our point of view, myths are still present in our society, and it is possible to teach some aspects of life through them. We will try to give a view using myths in modern times, making the analysis of their manifestations in arts, their relationship with stereotypes, and above all, searching for suggestions which help teachers to improve education. All this will be developed from the critical paradigm of education and considering communication as the starting point of all human activity. We will examine myths as a transmission tool of ideas, feelings and explanations of reality

Temperature Inversions due to warm air advections at low levels in the Vega Media del Segura river (Region of Murcia)

En el Sureste peninsular son frecuentes las situaciones anticiclónicas alimentadas en invierno por la dorsal subtropical marítima. Bajo estas condiciones, las cuencas y valles fluviales intrabéticos son bastante proclives al desarrollo de inversiones térmicas. Un claro ejemplo lo constituye la Vega Media del Segura en los meses de invierno, especialmente cuando el enfriamiento nocturno del suelo aparece acompañado por movimientos de aire anticiclónico subsidente, advecciones cálidas de componente SO a niveles bajos atmosféricos y flujos fríos catabáticos procedentes de la Sierra de Carrascoy. En el presente artículo se analizan tales factores y las situaciones de inversión térmica más importantes registradas en esta Vega durante el período 2000-2011. Para ello se han utilizado los datos de las estaciones meteorológicas y de los sondeos aerológicos disponibles en el área, en particular los relativos a régimen de temperaturas, estratificación térmica vertical e indicadores de estabilidad atmosférica.Anticyclonic situations fed by the maritime subtropical dorsal in winter are frequent in the South-east Spain. Under these conditions, the intrabaetic depressions and fluvial valleys are prone to thermal inversions. A clear example is the Middle Valley of the Segura River during winter months, especially when cooling at night appears to be accompanied by anticyclonic subsident air, warm advection SW flows at low atmospheric levels and cold katabatic winds proceeding from Sierra de Carrascoy. Such factors and the most temperature inversion situations registered in the study area during the period 2000-2011 are analyzed in this work. For this purpose data of meteorological stations and aerological soundings (e.g. temperature regime, vertical thermal stratification, indicators of atmospheric stability) were used

La animación a la lectura de Don Quijote desde El Señor de los Anillos. Propuestas didácticas

El propósito de este artículo tiene que ver con la aproximación a uno de los libros clave de la Historia de la Literatura, Don Quijote. Buscamos formas de animar al alumnado a la lectura del mismo. Por ello, debemos ofrecerles alternativas que hagan que el libro de Cervantes les sea más cercano y atractivo para poder leerlo. Para lograr esta aproximación, hemos pensado trabajar con la obra de Tolkien, El Señor de los Anillos, debido a que es un libro que mantiene cierta semejanza con el ingenioso hidalgo y además pertenece al siglo veinte –alrededor de mil novecientos cincuenta-. Ambos incluyen elementos fantásticos y sus personajes realizan un largo viaje buscando una meta concreta. Además, los aspectos relacionados con la acción pueden motivar al alumnado para entender los libros, y en ambos también son mostradas las diferencias entre clases sociales. Es nuestro deseo establecer líneas de actuación para trabajar en las aulas, diseñando actividades didácticas que ayuden a los educadores a animar a la lectura de Don Quijote en el año de su cuarto centenario. De esta forma, estaremos trabajando con dos de los libros más importantes de la Historia de la Literatura y lograremos que los estudiantes tomen conciencia de la importancia de la lectura.The aim of this article is to make an approach to a key book in the History of Literature, such as Don Quixote. We are searching for ways to motivate students to read the text. Because of this, we want to offer them an alternative which makes the book more relevant and attractive to be read. We have thought of working with The Lord of the Rings to carry out this approach because it is a book that has a resemblance to Don Quixote and is a text which belongs to the last century –in the 1950´s–. Both include elements of fantasy and its characters make a long journey to achieve one goal. Besides this, action is an important aspect which can motivate students in understanding the books, and in both books differences between social classes are shown. We want to establish some guidelines for working in the class, designing teaching suggestions that help educators to motivate reading Don Quixote in the year of its fourth centenary. In this way, we will be working with two important texts of the History of Literature and make students aware of the importance of reading

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio : a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries

Background: Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and nonHDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. Methods: We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Results: Since similar to 1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at similar to 0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as similar to 0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to similar to 26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. Conclusions: HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.Peer reviewe

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales

El desarrollo de megaproyectos productivos trae consigo oportunidades para el crecimiento económico, la generación de empleos y el desarrollo regional. No obstante, en la actualidad, los grandes temas como la expansión urbana, el desarrollo industrial, las cementeras, la minería, el uso intensivo del agua y demás recursos naturales, preocupan a las comunidades por los impactos generados y porque en lo general, no consideran la racionalidad y responsabilidad ambiental y social hacia el entorno. En este contexto son diversos los estudios científicos que, en el marco de la política de económica imperante, intentan posicionarse como alternativas a proyectos económicos que confrontan los intereses particulares y comunitarios y que afectan la salud humana y ambiental. Megaproyectos urbanos y productivos. Impactos socio-territoriales, reúne veinticinco textos académicos sobre las afectaciones que éstos emprendimientos tienen para la sociedad y el entorno. Los temas expuestos recogen experiencias en el desarrollo urbano, industrial, turístico, portuario y aeroportuario, entre otros. Así mismo se retoman temas como la ética, la dialéctica, la política y la economía y su relación en el emprendimiento de megaproyectos. La búsqueda de esquemas productivos racionales y responsables con el entorno, que reivindiquen el derecho de las comunidades a un medio ambiente sano, a la preservación del territorio y sus recursos y de las formas de vida tradicionales, son los referentes para la realización del presente libro. Como elemento central se concibe el territorio como contenedor de identidad y vida, siendo preocupación y tema de estudio de la comunidad académica, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las redes de activistas organizados.UAEM, CONACyT, se