MobiGrants: New Agents of Brain Drain in Portuguese Higher Education

Emigration is a chronic structural process of Portuguese society. The discussion and key arguments raised in this chapter are mainly focused on data from a research project (Bradramo) on Portuguese skilled emigration; based on the outcomes of the Bradramo project it can be suggested that recent phenomena in general, and the crisis that began around 2008 in particular, profoundly transformed the patterns of Portuguese emigration. Nowadays, the country faces a brain drain dynamic that is dramatically altering the profiles of national emigrants, emigration destinations, self-identity, and the strategies of those who leave the country. The neologism “MobiGrants” is used here to characterise recent Portuguese emigration. Academic mobility, which was mainly promoted by the European Union (through grants from the Erasmus Programme), created and fostered mobility flows that reinforced a latent mobility phenomenon. Once engaged in academic mobility programmes, Portuguese higher education students tend to stay in the country of destination or, upon returning temporarily to Portugal, to evince a very strong predisposition to move to a country of the European Union. Further, this grant-fuelled latent mobility exhibits a clear tendency towards moving between various countries and a very weak predisposition vis-à-vis a possible return to Portugal. Alongside this weak propensity to return, there is a marked refusal to assume a self-identity as emigrants. The profile of Portuguese “MobriGrants” reveals a trend towards a permanent and a long-term (as opposed to a temporary or transitory) mobility, an insertion in the primary segment of the labour market of the destination countries, a predominance of professionals connected to the academic/scientific system and to professions requiring high skills, and a latent mobility (after a period of study in the country of destination) rather than direct mobility flows (after having entered in the employment system of the sending country)

From Portugal to Europe. A micro-level Sociology of scientific migration in times of Eurozone crisis.

Academic international mobility and intra-European highly skilled migration are consolidated trends. Strongly stimulated by EU policies, the opportunities are highly dynamic, and circulation through different jobs and countries is a striking feature of the academic community. However, for a fragile economy and scientific system as the Portuguese ones, those trends are synonyms of brain drain, particularly in times of Eurozone crisis. In order to question the place of the economic crisis on scientists’ migration decision-making process, and considering that academic mobility is often associated with individual career perspectives and encouraged by European policies, five individual portraits are analysed

Hybridization in parasites: consequences for adaptive evolution, pathogenesis and public health in a changing world

[No abstract available

L'émigration portugaise qualifiée dans le contexte européen

Devant le renouvellement de l’émigration portugaise en Europe, une enquête réalisée en 2014 fait le point sur les représentations que les migrants portent sur leur propre parcours. La distinction de différents facteurs de répulsion pour leur pays d’origine et d’attraction pour le pays de destination permet d’esquisser les nouveaux visages des migrants portugais, plus qualifiés que leurs prédécesseurs, très informés sur les perspectives professionnelles de mobilité. Envisageant leur départ davantage comme une expérience de vie qu’une situation d’émigration, ils contribuent à redéfinir les contours transnationaux de l’Europe contemporaine

Socialização e percursos (e)migratórios em Portugal: uma análise a partir de retratos sociológicos

This article intends to study the link between socialization and highly qualify emigration, from a purposive sample of Portuguese citizens who were or had been emigrants in a European country, in the past six years. This sample is composed by highly qualified individuals or individuals who had an occupation corresponding to this qualification level. In this sense, the resulting twenty individual portraits allow the study of the socialization processes that facilitate the "brain drain". At an individual level, this research design enables the analysis of migratory social dispositions’ creation and mobilization, which are related to social and/or cultural mobility processes. One concludes that there are some cases of disposicional heterogeneity and disposicional rupture, but most portraits represent cases of dispositional coherence in favour of emigration. Qualified emigration seems to be a result of dispositions mutual reinforcing towards emigration, in addition to the will to pursue personal and professional projects that do not find fertile ground in Portuga

Exodus of skills and academic mobility from Portugal to Europe (Portuguese)

The need for deeper knowledge about the complexities of the “brain drain” phenomenon and its increasing increase in the country led to the development of this research. In order to capture this complex reality, a mixed, multilateral methodology was used, using quantitative and qualitative information collection techniques with a view to characterizing the factors of attraction and repulsion in the decision to migrate, allowing the identification of trajectories of upward and downward social mobility, analyzing life projects, differentiated socializations and contrasting strategies for making the most of school capital

Introgressive Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes

The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the article.Copyright: © 2013 Webster et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model