The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the article.Copyright: © 2013 Webster et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

BL Webster

Bonnie L. Webster

CA Machado

CA Wright

CM Brasier

CM Gower

D Rollinson

David Rollinson

FJ Kruger

GA Dover

H Moné

H-F Tsai

J De Bont

J Mallet

J Mavarez

J Monrad

J Shrivastava

J Vercruysse

JA Johnston

JAT Morgan

JF Aguilar

JM Duplantier

Joanne P. Webster

JT Detwiler

LA Tchuem Tchuenté

LH Rieseberg

M Taylor

ML Arnold

ML Steinauer

Mohmoudane M. Seye

NH Barton

O Seehausen

Oumar T. Diaw

P Bremond

PR Grant

RJ Pitchford

S Riley

ST McGarvey

T Huyse

T Sang

TD Burchard

TE Dowling

VR Southgate

William Evan Secor

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

PubMed

, which cause intestinal schistosomiasis in cows, sheep and goats. hybrid worms were found in cows. Complementary experimental mixed species infections in laboratory rodents confirmed that males and females of each species readily pair and produce viable hybrid offspring.; and demonstrate that the transmission of the different species and their hybrids appears focal. Hybridization between schistosomes has been known to influence the disease epidemiology and enhance phenotypic characteristics affecting transmission, morbidity and drug sensitivity. Therefore, understanding and monitoring such inter-species interactions will be essential for optimizing and evaluating control strategies across such potential hybrid zones

Webster Bonnie L.

Diaw Oumar T.

Seye Mohmoudane M.

Webster Joanne P.

Rollinson David

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

 Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes

The file attached is the Published/publisher’s pdf version of the article.Copyright: © 2013 Webster et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.NHM Repositor

Webster, BL

Diaw, OT

Seye, MM

Webster, JP

Rollinson, D

Natural History Museum Repository

Introgressive Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes

Webster, B L

Diaw, O T

Seye, M M

Webster, J P

RVC Research Online

English

<div>BackgroundSchistosomes are dioecious parasitic flatworms, which live in the vasculature of their mammalian definitive hosts. They are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of considerable medical and veterinary importance in tropical and subtropical regions. Schistosomes undergo a sexual reproductive stage within their mammalian host enabling interactions between different species, which may result in hybridization if the species involved are phylogenetically close. In Senegal, three closely related species in the Schistosoma haematobium group are endemic: S. haematobium, which causes urogenital schistosomiasis in humans, and S. bovis and S. curassoni, which cause intestinal schistosomiasis in cows, sheep and goats. Methodology/Principal FindingsLarge-scale multi-loci molecular analysis of parasite samples collected from children and domestic livestock across Senegal revealed that interactions and hybridization were taking place between all three species. Evidence of hybridization between S. haematobium/S. curassoni and S. haematobium/S. bovis was commonly found in children from across Senegal, with 88% of the children surveyed in areas of suspected species overlap excreting hybrid miracidia. No S. haematobium worms or hybrids thereof were found in ruminants, although S. bovis and S. curassoni hybrid worms were found in cows. Complementary experimental mixed species infections in laboratory rodents confirmed that males and females of each species readily pair and produce viable hybrid offspring. Conclusions/SignificanceThese data provide indisputable evidence for: the high occurrence of bidirectional hybridization between these Schistosoma species; the first conclusive evidence for the natural hybridisation between S. haematobium and S. curassoni; and demonstrate that the transmission of the different species and their hybrids appears focal. Hybridization between schistosomes has been known to influence the disease epidemiology and enhance phenotypic characteristics affecting transmission, morbidity and drug sensitivity. Therefore, understanding and monitoring such inter-species interactions will be essential for optimizing and evaluating control strategies across such potential hybrid zones. </div

Bonnie L. Webster (125666)

Oumar T. Diaw (370706)

Mohmoudane M. Seye (125692)

Joanne P. Webster (125673)

David Rollinson (103447)

The Francis Crick Institute

Introgressive Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes

BACKGROUND: Schistosomes are dioecious parasitic flatworms, which live in the vasculature of their mammalian definitive hosts. They are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, a disease of considerable medical and veterinary importance in tropical and subtropical regions. Schistosomes undergo a sexual reproductive stage within their mammalian host enabling interactions between different species, which may result in hybridization if the species involved are phylogenetically close. In Senegal, three closely related species in the Schistosoma haematobium group are endemic: S. haematobium, which causes urogenital schistosomiasis in humans, and S. bovis and S. curassoni, which cause intestinal schistosomiasis in cows, sheep and goats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Large-scale multi-loci molecular analysis of parasite samples collected from children and domestic livestock across Senegal revealed that interactions and hybridization were taking place between all three species. Evidence of hybridization between S. haematobium/S. curassoni and S. haematobium/S. bovis was commonly found in children from across Senegal, with 88% of the children surveyed in areas of suspected species overlap excreting hybrid miracidia. No S. haematobium worms or hybrids thereof were found in ruminants, although S. bovis and S. curassoni hybrid worms were found in cows. Complementary experimental mixed species infections in laboratory rodents confirmed that males and females of each species readily pair and produce viable hybrid offspring. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: THESE DATA PROVIDE INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE FOR: the high occurrence of bidirectional hybridization between these Schistosoma species; the first conclusive evidence for the natural hybridisation between S. haematobium and S. curassoni; and demonstrate that the transmission of the different species and their hybrids appears focal. Hybridization between schistosomes has been known to influence the disease epidemiology and enhance phenotypic characteristics affecting transmission, morbidity and drug sensitivity. Therefore, understanding and monitoring such inter-species interactions will be essential for optimizing and evaluating control strategies across such potential hybrid zones

Bonnie L Webster

Oumar T Diaw

Mohmoudane M Seye

Joanne P Webster

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Introgressive hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium group species in Senegal: species barrier break down between ruminant and human schistosomes.

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Introgressive Hybridization of Schistosoma haematobium Group Species in Senegal: Species Barrier Break Down between Ruminant and Human Schistosomes

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Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Natural History Museum Repository

RVC Research Online

The Francis Crick Institute

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Directory of Open Access Journals

Crossref