Parameter selection and performance comparison of particle swarm optimization in sensor networks localization

Localization is a key technology in wireless sensor networks. Faced with the challenges of the sensors\u27 memory, computational constraints, and limited energy, particle swarm optimization has been widely applied in the localization of wireless sensor networks, demonstrating better performance than other optimization methods. In particle swarm optimization-based localization algorithms, the variants and parameters should be chosen elaborately to achieve the best performance. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to choose these variants and parameters. Further, there is no comprehensive performance comparison among particle swarm optimization algorithms. The main contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, it surveys the popular particle swarm optimization variants and particle swarm optimization-based localization algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Secondly, it presents parameter selection of nine particle swarm optimization variants and six types of swarm topologies by extensive simulations. Thirdly, it comprehensively compares the performance of these algorithms. The results show that the particle swarm optimization with constriction coefficient using ring topology outperforms other variants and swarm topologies, and it performs better than the second-order cone programming algorithm

Cry78Aa, a novel Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein with activity against Laodelphax striatellus and Nilaparvata lugens

Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins originating from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have successfully been used to control lepidopteran and coleopteran pests with chewing mouthparts. However, only a handful of Bt proteins have been identified that have bioactivity against sap sucking pests (Hemiptera), including aphids, whiteflies, plant bugs and planthoppers. A novel Bt insecticidal protein with significant toxicity against a hemipteran insect pest is described here. The gene encoding the 359 amino acid, 40.7 kDa protein was cloned from strain C9F1. After expression and purification of the toxin, its median lethal concentration (LC) values against Laodelphax striatellus and Nilaparvata lugens were determined as 6.89 μg/mL and 15.78 μg/mL respectively. Analysis of the toxin sequence revealed the presence of both Toxin_10 and Ricin_B_Lectin domains

LLM-Rec: Personalized Recommendation via Prompting Large Language Models

We investigate various prompting strategies for enhancing personalized recommendation performance with large language models (LLMs) through input augmentation. Our proposed approach, termed LLM-Rec, encompasses four distinct prompting strategies: (1) basic prompting, (2) recommendation-driven prompting, (3) engagement-guided prompting, and (4) recommendation-driven + engagement-guided prompting. Our empirical experiments show that incorporating the augmented input text generated by LLM leads to improved recommendation performance. Recommendation-driven and engagement-guided prompting strategies are found to elicit LLM's understanding of global and local item characteristics. This finding highlights the importance of leveraging diverse prompts and input augmentation techniques to enhance the recommendation capabilities with LLMs

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Results from Pooled Cohort Studies and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Observational research has indicated that individuals diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an elevated likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Herein, we performed meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the correlation and potential causal relationship between RA and AF. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies comparing AF risk among participants with and without RA. Quantitative synthesis of the adjusted risk ratio (RR) or hazard ratio was performed with the random-effects model. RA and AF were studied with two-sample MR analysis with the random-effects inverse variance weighted method. Patients with RA had a higher risk of AF than participants without RA [RR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.43, P < 0.0001]. Genetically predicted RA was not associated with a significantly elevated risk of AF (odds ratio = 1.009, 95% CI: 0.986–1.032, P = 0.449). After adjustment for confounding factors in multifactorial MR, RA and AF still showed no correlation. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results, thus indicating the robustness of the causal association. Overall, RA was associated with elevated risk of AF in our meta-analysis. However, genetically predicted RA may not be causal

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

New solutions for the propagation of long water waves over variable depth

Based on the linearized long-wave equation, two new analytical solutions are obtained respectively for the propagation of long surface gravity waves around a conical island and over a paraboloidal shoal. Having been intensively studied during the last two decades, these two problems have practical significance and are physically revealing for wave propagation over variable water depth. The newly derived analytical solutions are compared with several previously obtained numerical solutions and the accuracy of those numerical solutions is discussed. The analytical method has the potential to be used to find solutions for wave propagation over more natural bottom topographies

A comparative study of the direct boundary element method and the dual reciprocity boundary element method in solving the Helmholtz equation

In this paper, we compare the direct boundary element method (BEM) and the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) for solving the direct interior Helmholtz problem, in terms of their numerical accuracy and efficiency, as well as their applicability and reliability in the frequency domain. For BEM formulation, there are two possible choices for fundamental solutions, which can lead to quite different conclusions in terms of their reliability in the frequency domain. For DRBEM formulation, it is shown that although the DBREM can correctly predict eigenfrequencies even for higher modes, it fails to yield a reasonably accurate numerical solution for the problem when the frequency is higher than the first eigenfrequenc

Strongly Continuous Domains

Strong Scott topology introduced by X. Xu and D. Zhao is a kind of newtopology which is finer than upper topology and coarser than Scott topology.Inspired by the topological characterizations of continuous domains andhypercontinuous domains, we introduce the concept of strongly continuousdomains and investigate some properties of strongly continuous domains. Inparticular, we give the definition of strong way-below relation and obtain acharacterization of strongly continuous domains via the strong way-belowrelation. We prove that the strong way-below relation on a strongly continuousdomain satisfies the interpolation property, and clarify the relationshipbetween strongly continuous domains and continuous domains, and therelationship between strongly continuous domains and hypercontinuous domains.We discuss the properties of strong Scott topology and strong Lawson topology,which is the common refinement of the strong Scott topology and the lowertopology, on a strongly continuous domain.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure