Assessment of the impact of intravenous antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota in patients: Clinical data from pre-and post-cardiac surgery

Background and aimsSurgical site infection is a common complication after surgery. Periprocedural antibiotics are necessary to prescribe for preventing or treating infections. The present study aimed to explore the effect of intravenous antibiotics on gut microbiota and menaquinone biosynthesis in patients, especially in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsA total of 388 fecal samples were collected from 154 cardiac surgery patients. The V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on a MiSeq PE300. The gut microbiota diversity of samples was analyzed in terms of α- and β-diversity at the OTU level. The different groups were classified according to antibiotics in combinations and single antibiotics. PICRUSt2 was used for preliminary prediction of the gut microbiota function for menaquinone biosynthesis.ResultsThe intravenously administered antibiotics which are excreted via bile represents the main antibiotics that could disturb the gut microbiota’s composition in cardiac surgery patients, especially for elderly patients. The effect of antibiotics on gut microbiota is produced after antibiotics treatments over one week. The recovery of gut microbiota to the state of pre-antibiotics may require over two weeks of antibiotics withdrawal. Sex factor doesn’t represent as an influencer in gut microbiota composition. Long-term use of cefoperazone-sulbactam may affect coagulation function.ConclusionsThe composition of the gut microbiota had a significant change post-intravenous antibiotics treatment in cardiac surgery patients. The richness and diversity of gut microbiota are increased in elderly patients

Criteria for determining the need for surgical treatment of tricuspid regurgitation during mitral valve replacement

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common in patients with mitral valve disease; however, there are no straightforward, rapidly determinably criteria available for deciding whether TR repair should be performed during mitral valve replacement. The aim of our retrospective study was to identify a simple and fast criterion for determining whether TR repair should be performed in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We reviewed the records of patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with or without (control) TR repair (DeVega or Kay procedure) from January 2005 to December 2008. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative echocardiographic measurements included right ventricular and atrial diameter, interventricular septum size, TR severity, ejection fraction, and pulmonary artery pressure.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 89 patients were included (control, n = 50; DeVega, n = 27; Kay, n = 12). Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Cardiac variables were similar between the DeVega and Kay groups. Right atrium and ventricular diameter and ejection fraction were significantly decreased postoperatively both in the control and operation (DeVega + Kay) group (<it>P </it>< 0.05). Pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased postoperatively in-operation groups (<it>P </it>< 0.05). Our findings indicate that surgical intervention for TR should be considered during mitral valve replacement if any of the following preoperative criteria are met: right atrial transverse diameter > 57 mm; right ventricular end-diastolic diameter > 55 mm; pulmonary artery pressure > 58 mmHg.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings suggest echocardiography may be used as a rapid and simple means of determining which patients require TR repair during mitral valve replacement.</p

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

温度对AZ80镁合金等通道转角挤压组织性能的影响

AZ80 Mg alloy was processed at 320°C and 200°C by equal channel angular pressing. At 320°C, the grain size was decreased at previous two passes and then increased in the subsequent passes. At 200°C, both the density of dislocation and twinning were increased at previous two passes with the hardness dramatically increased. After 4 passes with route Bc, the grain size was refined to 200nm in most of areas, but the hardness slightly increased due to the interaction of grain refinement strengthening and texture softening

Assessment of the impact of intravenous antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota in patients: Clinical data from preand post-cardiac surgery

12 healthy samples</p

Assessment of the impact of intravenous antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota in patients: Clinical data from preand post-cardiac surgery

424 samples</p

Assessment of the impact of intravenous antibiotics treatment on gut microbiota in patients: Clinical data from preand post-cardiac surgery

1-100 samples</p

Plant-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles

In the recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a state-of-the-art and cutting edge technology with multifarious applications in a wide array of fields. It is a very broad area comprising of nanomaterials, nanotools, and nanodevices. Amongst nanomaterials, majority of the research has mainly focused on nanoparticles as they can be easily prepared and manipulated. Physical and chemical methods are conventionally used for the synthesis of nanoparticles; however, due to several limitations of these methods, research focus has recently shifted towards the development of clean and eco-friendly synthesis protocols. Magnetic nanoparticles constitute an important class of inorganic nanoparticles, which find applications in different areas by virtue of their several unique properties. Nevertheless, in comparison with biological synthesis protocols for noble metal nanoparticles, limited study has been carried out with respect to biological synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. This review focuses on various studies outlining the novel routes for biosynthesis of these nanoparticles by plant resources along with outlining the future scope of work in this area

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grain AZ80 alloy processed by back pressure equal channel angular pressing

Experiments were conducted on AZ80 magnesium alloy by using a procedure of back pressure equal-channel angular pressing (BP-ECAP) in order to achieve submicron grain size. Microstructure was effectively refined by BP-ECAP. The gain size was found around 100~500 nm after 4 passes using both route A and route Bc at pressing temperatures of 200°C and 150 °C. The grain size was much finer in comparison with the same alloy but received conventional procedure of ECAP without back pressure, which maintains around 2~3 ?m after 8 passes at relatively high temperatures. Compression test results showed the yield strength increased with increasing applied pass. In addition, the samples processed using route A had a increasing of yield strength more obvious than that in samples processed using route Bc. The highest yield strength from the sample pressed by route A at 150 °C was more than twice of the yield strength in the solution-treated and forged condition