Semantic representation for visual reasoning

In the field of visual reasoning, image features are widely used as the input of neural networks to get answers. However, image features are too redundant to learn accurate characterizations for regular networks. While in human reasoning, abstract description is usually constructed to avoid irrelevant details. Inspired by this, a higher-level representation named semantic representation is introduced in this paper to make visual reasoning more efficient. The idea of the Gram matrix used in the neural style transfer research is transferred here to build a relation matrix which enables the related information between objects to be better represented. The model using semantic representation as input outperforms the same model using image features as input which verifies that more accurate results can be obtained through the introduction of high-level semantic representation in the field of visual reasoning

Research on Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Rule Base Neural Network

The relationship between fault phenomenon and fault cause is always nonlinear, which influences the accuracy of fault location. And neural network is effective in dealing with nonlinear problem. In order to improve the efficiency of uncertain fault diagnosis based on neural network, a neural network fault diagnosis method based on rule base is put forward. At first, the structure of BP neural network is built and the learning rule is given. Then, the rule base is built by fuzzy theory. An improved fuzzy neural construction model is designed, in which the calculated methods of node function and membership function are also given. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this method

Recipe for a Busy Bee: MicroRNAs in Honey Bee Caste Determination

Social caste determination in the honey bee is assumed to be determined by the dietary status of the young larvae and translated into physiological and epigenetic changes through nutrient-sensing pathways. We have employed Illumina/Solexa sequencing to examine the small RNA content in the bee larval food, and show that worker jelly is enriched in miRNA complexity and abundance relative to royal jelly. The miRNA levels in worker jelly were 7-215 fold higher than in royal jelly, and both jellies showed dynamic changes in miRNA content during the 4(th) to 6(th) day of larval development. Adding specific miRNAs to royal jelly elicited significant changes in queen larval mRNA expression and morphological characters of the emerging adult queen bee. We propose that miRNAs in the nurse bee secretions constitute an additional element in the regulatory control of caste determination in the honey bee.The research was supported by National Sciences Foundation of China Grant No.30630040; National Key Basic Research & Development Program 973 under Grant Nos. 2009CB825401 and 2007CB946901 to RSC, the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-45-KXJ3), and a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 30571409) to SKS, and the Nature and Science Foundation Commission of Zhejiang Province (R3080306) to SKS. Zhang was supported by the Australian Research Council through the ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science (CE0561903). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Classification of colon adenocarcinoma based on immunological characterizations: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy

Accurate immune molecular typing is pivotal for screening out patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) who may benefit from immunotherapy and whose tumor microenvironment (TME) was needed for reprogramming to beneficial immune-mediated responses. However, little is known about the immune characteristic of COAD. Here, by calculating the enrichment score of immune characteristics in three online COAD datasets (TCGA-COAD, GSE39582, and GSE17538), we identified 17 prognostic-related immune characteristics that overlapped in at least two datasets. We determined that COADs could be stratified into three immune subtypes (IS1–IS3), based on consensus clustering of these 17 immune characteristics. Each of the three ISs was associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics, genetic aberrations, tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition, immunophenotyping (immune “hot” and immune “cold”), and cytokine profiles, as well as different clinical outcomes and immunotherapy/therapeutic response. Patients with the IS1 tumor had high immune infiltration but immunosuppressive phenotype, IS3 tumor is an immune “hot” phenotype, whereas those with the IS2 tumor had an immune “cold” phenotype. We further verified the distinct immune phenotype of IS1 and IS3 by an in-house COAD cohort. We propose that the immune subtyping can be utilized to identify COAD patients who will be affected by the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the ISs may provide a guide for personalized cancer immunotherapy and for tumor prognosis

Attenuation of epigenetic regulator SMARCA4 and ERK-ETS signaling suppresses aging-related dopaminergic degeneration

How complex interactions of genetic, environmental factors and aging jointly contribute to dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unclear. Here, we applied frequent gene co‐expression analysis on human patient substantia nigra‐specific microarray datasets to identify potential novel disease‐related genes. In vivo Drosophila studies validated two of 32 candidate genes, a chromatin‐remodeling factor SMARCA4 and a biliverdin reductase BLVRA. Inhibition of SMARCA4 was able to prevent aging‐dependent dopaminergic degeneration not only caused by overexpression of BLVRA but also in four most common Drosophila PD models. Furthermore, down‐regulation of SMARCA4 specifically in the dopaminergic neurons prevented shortening of life span caused by α‐synuclein and LRRK2. Mechanistically, aberrant SMARCA4 and BLVRA converged on elevated ERK‐ETS activity, attenuation of which by either genetic or pharmacological manipulation effectively suppressed dopaminergic degeneration in Drosophila in vivo. Down‐regulation of SMARCA4 or drug inhibition of MEK/ERK also mitigated mitochondrial defects in PINK1 (a PD‐associated gene)‐deficient human cells. Our findings underscore the important role of epigenetic regulators and implicate a common signaling axis for therapeutic intervention in normal aging and a broad range of age‐related disorders including PD

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Assessment of Safety for Anchor Handling Operation

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the stability performance of an AHTS in operations. After the accident with the anchor handling vessel (AHTS) Bourbon Dolphin (which capsized in 2007), it was Clear that the existing criteria for the anchor handling vessel were no longer sufficient. There is an ongoing discussion that whether the criteria should be updated or not. The IMO criterion is the main criteria for special purpose vessel such as offshore supply vessel. But Bourbon Dolphin is a combined vessel with PSV and AHT. After that, NMD has suggested new criteria for the anchor handling vessel. The most important thing is to evaluate the heeling moment during the operation. Several aspects regarding to operation should be studied. Because of the characteristics of the operations, the criteria may vary among different loading conditions. NMD report has proposed some suggestion for people to determine the characteristics of mooring load. To describe the stability performance of an AHTS in operations, a computer program Maxsurf Stability is used to calculate the static stability curves and equilibrium data in various loading conditions. The vessel stability mainly depends on the propulsion system, mooring load, external forces such as current, wind force or dynamical load. In the paper, there are some researches of mooring load parameters such as the angle beta between mooring line and center line and the angle alpha between mooring line and vertical axis. The angle alpha can be ignored while calculating the mooring load due to its small effect. After application of criteria, the maximum permissible tension will be figured out. These analyses are carried out under the vessel’s working loading condition. In addition to this research, a sensitivity analysis based on modification of IMO weather criteria o can be studied. The results can be useful while designing work of anchor handling vessels and further work of analysis of AHTS

Assessment of Safety for Anchor Handling Operation

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the stability performance of an AHTS in operations. After the accident with the anchor handling vessel (AHTS) Bourbon Dolphin (which capsized in 2007), it was Clear that the existing criteria for the anchor handling vessel were no longer sufficient. There is an ongoing discussion that whether the criteria should be updated or not. The IMO criterion is the main criteria for special purpose vessel such as offshore supply vessel. But Bourbon Dolphin is a combined vessel with PSV and AHT. After that, NMD has suggested new criteria for the anchor handling vessel. The most important thing is to evaluate the heeling moment during the operation. Several aspects regarding to operation should be studied. Because of the characteristics of the operations, the criteria may vary among different loading conditions. NMD report has proposed some suggestion for people to determine the characteristics of mooring load. To describe the stability performance of an AHTS in operations, a computer program Maxsurf Stability is used to calculate the static stability curves and equilibrium data in various loading conditions. The vessel stability mainly depends on the propulsion system, mooring load, external forces such as current, wind force or dynamical load. In the paper, there are some researches of mooring load parameters such as the angle beta between mooring line and center line and the angle alpha between mooring line and vertical axis. The angle alpha can be ignored while calculating the mooring load due to its small effect. After application of criteria, the maximum permissible tension will be figured out. These analyses are carried out under the vessel’s working loading condition. In addition to this research, a sensitivity analysis based on modification of IMO weather criteria o can be studied. The results can be useful while designing work of anchor handling vessels and further work of analysis of AHTS

Residual Strain in a Reservoir Ice Cover : Field Investigations, Causes, and Its Role in Estimating Ice Stress

Ice strain dominates the ice thrust and dynamics on reservoir dams and retaining structures. An exclusively designed laser range finder was deployed to measure the surface ice displacements along six directions at a reservoir in northeastern China. The incompletely confined boundary (ice-boundary bonding), ice cracks development, water level fluctuations, parallel crack dynamics, and ice creep allow the surface ice to move rather than keep still in response to thermal deformation/pressure, and thus cause the ice strain to deviate from thermal strain. Consequently, a residual strain was introduced and calculated from the recorded displacements. Observations showed that the residual strains were anisotropic and showed diurnal patterns following the air/ice temperature. A scale-dependence of crack development was observed to cause potential scale-effects to residual strains. The real ice strain consists of thermal strain and residual strain. The proportion of the latter increased as time went by. A modified constitutive law accommodating the residual strains was developed to evaluate the impacts of the residual strains and to estimate the surface ice stresses. Modeling results underlined the role of the residual strain in determining both the principal stress and the stress perpendicular to and parallel with the dam face. The residual strain is probably the reason why the observed ice stress is always much lower than the single thermal stress. (C) 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.Peer reviewe

A Fault Diagnosis Model of Surface to Air Missile Equipment Based on Wavelet Transformation and Support Vector Machine

At present, the fault signals of surface to air missile equipment are hard to collect and the accuracy of fault diagnosis is very low. To solve the above problems, based on the superiority of wavelet transformation on processing non-stationary signals and the advantage of SVM on pattern classification, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis model and takes the typical analog circuit diagnosis of one power distribution system as an example to verify the fault diagnosis model based on Wavelet Transformation and SVM. The simulation results show that the model is able to achieve fault diagnosis based on a small amount of training samples, which improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis