Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Risiko Keuangan, Nilai Perusahaan, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Dividend Payout Ratio terhadap Praktik Perataan Laba (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Real Estate dan Properti yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2013)

This study aims to demonstrate the influence of profitability, financial risk, firm value, managerial ownership, and dividend payout ratio toward income smoothing practice done by management. The population in this study is all real estate and property company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). Samples were decided by using purposive sampling method. Samples in this study choose based on several criteria and as much as 35 (thirty five) companies were selected. The methodology used in this is multiple regressions analysis. The results of this study stated that financial risk (LEV) has significant effect to the income smoothing practice of real estate and Property Company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange year 2011-2013. While the ROA, PBV, MOWN, and DPR have no significant effect to the income smoothing practice of real estate and Property Company listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2011-2013. Coefficient of determination obtained amount to 0,088 or 8,8%. It indicates that income smoothing practices in real estate and Property Company are described by 8,8% by ROA, LEV, PBV, MOWN, and DPR. The remaining of 91,2% are influenced by other factor which were not examined in this study.Keywords: Profitability (ROA), Financial Risk (LEV), Firm Value (PBV), Managerial Ownership (MOWN), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Income Smoothing Practice

Twinning superlattices in indium phosphide nanowires

Here, we show that we control the crystal structure of indium phosphide (InP) nanowires by impurity dopants. We have found that zinc decreases the activation barrier for 2D nucleation growth of zinc-blende InP and therefore promotes the InP nanowires to crystallise in the zinc blende, instead of the commonly found wurtzite crystal structure. More importantly, we demonstrate that we can, by controlling the crystal structure, induce twinning superlattices with long-range order in InP nanowires. We can tune the spacing of the superlattices by the wire diameter and the zinc concentration and present a model based on the cross-sectional shape of the zinc-blende InP nanowires to quantitatively explain the formation of the periodic twinning.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

In situ transmission electron microscopy analysis of electron beam induced crystallization of amorphous marks in phase-change materials

\u3cp\u3eThe crystallization of melt-quenched amorphous data marks in a crystalline (Ga\u3csub\u3e15\u3c/sub\u3eSb\u3csub\u3e85\u3c/sub\u3e) phase-change layer from rewritable disks by transmission electron microscopy was discussed. Electron irradiation induced crystallization was obtained at room temperature by using a 120 kV. A comparison with laser-crystallized amorphous marks was made. An electron beam (e \u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3e beam) induced crystallization started from the amorphous crystalline interface. A dependence of growth velocity on e\u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3e beam intensity and growth direction was observed.\u3c/p\u3

In situ transmission electron microscopy observations of individually selected freestanding carbon nanotubes during field emission

\u3cp\u3eFor the successful application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electron sources in various applications it is important to understand the relation between the morphology of the CNT and its emission properties. A method was developed to study individual, freestanding and pre-selected CNTs with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The technique provided important parameters of the CNT, such as the number of carbon walls and the nature of its apex. The resolution with which the freestanding apices were imaged depended linearly on the ratio of the length and the radius. CNTs were also imaged in situ in the TEM while emitting electrons. It was found that the structure of a CNT was highly stable below a certain threshold emission current of typically 2 μA, while various structural changes occurred above the threshold, leading to either damaging or repair of the structure at the apex of the CNT.\u3c/p\u3

Strong reduction of spectral heterogeneity in gold bipyramids for single-particle and single-molecule plasmon sensing

Single metal nanoparticles are attractive biomolecular sensors. Binding of analyte to a functional particle results in a plasmon shift that can be conveniently monitored in a far-field optical microscope. Heterogeneities in spectral properties of individual particles in an ensemble affect the reliability of a single-particle plasmon sensor, especially when plasmon shifts are monitored in real-time using a fixed irradiation wavelength. We compare the spectral heterogeneity of different plasmon sensor geometries (gold nanospheres, nanorods, and bipyramids) and correlate this to their size and aspect-ratio dispersion. We show that gold bipyramids exhibit a strongly reduced heterogeneity in aspect ratio and plasmon wavelength compared to commonly used gold nanorods. We show that this translates into a significantly improved homogeneity of the response to molecular binding without compromising single-molecule sensitivity

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid particles obtained in a one-pot process through simultaneous sol-gel reaction of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane and emulsion polymerization of styrene

Hybrid particles consisting of an organic polymer and silica or polyorganosiloxanes are interesting building blocks for nanocomposites. The synthesis of such particles typically requires multiple reaction steps involving the formation of polymer colloids and the subsequent deposition of silicon-containing material either inside or on the surface of these colloids, or vice versa. In 2014, we reported a facile method for the one-pot synthesis of sub-micron sized hybrid particles based on simultaneous sol-gel conversion of organotrimethoxysilanes and emulsion polymerization of a vinylic monomer, illustrated by the synthesis of polystyrene-polyphenylsiloxane particles from the monomers styrene and phenyltrimethoxysilane (Segers et al (2014). In this process, the required surface active species was formed in situ through hydrolytic conversion of phenyltrimethoxysilane to phenylsilanolate oligomers. Introduction of thiol groups in such hybrid particles should yield particles suited for functionalization with small metal nanoparticles, e.g., Au. Here, we present the synthesis of thiol-containing hybrid particles consisting of poly(3-mercaptopropyl)siloxane and polystyrene using the one-pot synthesis method based on simultaneous conversion of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane and styrene. We prepared particles from different volume ratios of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane and styrene, ranging from 1:99 to 80:20. The resulting spherical hybrid particles displayed different sizes, compositions, and architectures (including core-shell), which were studied in detail using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The composition of these particles, and consequently the number of thiol groups available for further functionalization such as metal anchoring, was tunable

Twofold origin of strain-induced bending in core-shell nanowires:The GaP/InGaP case

\u3cp\u3eNanowires have emerged as a promising platform for the development of novel and high-quality heterostructures at large lattice misfit, inaccessible in a thin film configuration. However, despite core-shell nanowires allowing a very efficient elastic release of the misfit strain, the growth of highly uniform arrays of nanowire heterostructures still represents a challenge, for example due to a strain-induced bending morphology. Here we investigate the bending of wurtzite GaP/In \u3csub\u3ex\u3c/sub\u3e Ga\u3csub\u3e1-x\u3c/sub\u3eP core-shell nanowires using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, both in terms of geometric and compositional asymmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis. We compare the experimental data with finite element method simulations in three dimensions, showing that both asymmetries are responsible for the actual bending. Such findings are valid for all lattice-mismatched core-shell nanowire heterostructures based on ternary alloys. Our work provides a quantitative understanding of the bending effect in general while also suggesting a strategy to minimise it.\u3c/p\u3

Microscopic studies of polycrystalline nanoparticle growth in free space

We have extensively studied by multiple microscopic techniques the growth and crystallization of silicon nanoparticles in pulsed SiH4/Ar plasmas. We observe that the crystallinity of the particles can be tuned from amorphous to crystalline by altering the plasma ON time, tON. Three phases can be identified as a function of tON. Microscopic studies reveal that, in the initial gas phase (phase I) single particles of polycrystalline nature are formed which according to our hypothesis grow out of a single nucleus. The individual crystallites of the polycrystalline particles become bigger crystalline regions which marks the onset of cauliflower shaped particles (phase II). At longer tON (phase III) distinct cauliflower particles are formed by the growth of these crystalline regions by local epitaxy

Hexagonal silicon grown from higher order silanes

We demonstrate the merits of an unexplored precursor, tetrasilane (Si4H10), as compared todisilane (Si2H6) for the growth of defect-free, epitaxial hexagonal silicon (Si). We investigate thegrowth kinetics of hexagonal Si shells epitaxially around defect-free wurtzite gallium phosphide(GaP) nanowires. Two temperature regimes are identified, representing two different surfacereaction mechanisms for both types of precursors. Growth in the low temperature regime(415 °C–600 °C) is rate limited by interaction between the Si surface and the adsorbates, and inthe high temperature regime (600 °C–735 °C) by chemisorption. The activation energy of the Sishell growth is 2.4 ± 0.2 eV for Si2H6 and 1.5 ± 0.1 eV for Si4H10 in the low temperatureregime. We observe inverse tapering of the Si shells and explain this phenomenon by a basicdiffusion model where the substrate acts as a particle sink. Most importantly, we show that, byusing Si4H10 as a precursor instead of Si2H6, non-tapered Si shells can be grown with at least 50times higher growth rate below 460 °C. The lower growth temperature may help to reduce theincorporation of impurities resulting from the growth of Ga