674 research outputs found

    De García Márquez a Rabassa: Un análisis de traducción de One Hundred Years of Solitude.

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    ¿Cómo llevar la historia de un pueblo y su cultura representada en una obra literaria a una comunidad lingüística diferente? Aunque en la actualidad existen teorías que responden a este interrogante, ninguna de ellas logra sustentar el transporte que se da en la traducción de las visiones de mundo e historias sin caer en desviaciones o alejamientos. A través del análisis de traducción de una obra tan significativa para Colombia como Cien años de soledad de Gabriel García Márquez, nos permitimos profundizar primero en las razones que llevan a considerar esta novela y su traducción al inglés (realizada por Gregory Rabassa) una de las más representativas e importantes de la literatura latinoamericana; y también en los métodos utilizados para llevar la obra a One Hundred Years of Solitude. Basándonos en los conceptos de lengua, cultura, traducción, identidad y nación analizaremos los alejamientos y aciertos encontrados en la traducción de la obra, los cuales serán explicados bajo los supuestos teóricos de Jean-Paul Vinay, Jean Dabernelt, Jean-Louis Cordonnier, Antoine Berman, Sergio Bolaños, Peter Newmark, Marie-France Delport y Jean Claude Chevalier. Desde la perspectiva presentada por Stryker, Anthony Smith y Benedict Anderson explicaremos la relación entre comunidad lingüística, identidad y nación, y su relevancia a la hora de realizar una traducción. Esta tesis, se desarrolla bajo una investigación de tipo cualitativa, inductiva y comparativa con la cual observaremos, mediante la lectura simultánea de ambas versiones de la obra, los posibles alejamientos en ella y su porqué. Tras haber seleccionado tres categorías principales (morfosintaxis, semántica y cultura) ubicamos los alejamientos escogidos con anterioridad para analizarlos de acuerdo a la teoría de figuras traductológicas de Delport y Chevalier. Con el fin de darle continuación al análisis, explicaremos detalladamente estas figuras y su presencia y/o ausencia en la traducción de Rabassa. Para darle cierre a nuestra investigación propondremos un nuevo panorama frente al ejercicio de traducción que argumenta el porqué las teorías actuales de este ámbito que aunque son útiles, no son suficientes para dar razón de una traducción literaria y su trasfondo. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión expondremos los hallazgos que nos llevaron a confirmar nuestra hipótesis inicial y presentaremos nuestros razonamientos finales que pueden servir como punto de partida para investigaciones futuras en los estudios literarios, culturales y traductológicos.How to take the history of a town and its culture representted in a literary work to a different linguistic community? Although nowadays we find a great number of theories that can answer this question, none of them support the transportation done in a translation of the world views and stories of a town without falling into deviations or distancing. Through the analysis of a translation so meaningful to Colombia as Cien años de soledad, written by Gabriel García Márquez, we first venture to delve into the reasons that allow to consider this novel and its version in English (made by Gregory Rabassa) one of the most representatives and important for the Latin American literature, and also to analyze the methods used to create One Hundred Years of Solitude. Taking into account the concepts of language, culture, translation, identity and nation we will analyse the alejamientos and aciertos found in the translation of the book; these will be explained with the theoretical assumptions of Jean-Paul Vinay, Jean Dabernelt, Jean-Louis Cordonnier, Antoine Berman, Sergio Bolaños, Peter Newmark, Marie-France Delport and Jean Claude Chevalier. Bearing in mind the perspective of Stryker, Anthony Smith and Benedict Anderson we will explain the relation between linguistic community, identity and nation, we will also explain its relevance when making a translation. This thesis is a qualitative, inductive and comparative research in which we will observe, through the simultaneous reading of both versions of the book, the possible alejamientos and the reasons why they occur. After selecting three main categories (morfosintaxis, semantics and culture) we place the alejamientos previously chosen to analyze them taking into account the theory presented by Delport and Chevalier. In order to give continuation to the analysis, we will explain in detail these figures and its presence or absence in the translation made by Rabassa. To conclude our investigation, we will propose a new panorama in terms of translation that argues why the current theories that talk about this subject, although they are useful, they are not sufficient to give reasons of a literary translation and its background. Finally, as a conclusion, we will show the findings that led us to confirm our initial hypothesis, then we will present our final reasonings that can serve as a starting point for future investigations in the field of literary, cultural and traductologic studies.Licenciado (a) en Lenguas ModernasPregrad

    Prácticas seguras en la administración de hemoderivados por el personal de enfermería

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    CD-T 612.11 H65; 63 pEl contenido de la presente investigación de tipo revisión literaria, va dirigido al diseño de un protocolo para la administración de hemocomponentes, en el cual se plantea la búsqueda de instrumentos que puedan guiar la acción del profesional de salud en pro del beneficio de los pacientes que reciben el procedimiento de transfusión de hemocomponentes, con el fin de potencializar las habilidades, destrezas y conocimientos del profesional para garantizar un procedimiento seguro, realizado bajo las normas y reglamentos existentes para la administración.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereir

    Evaluación en época seca de ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres: componentes de vegetación y faunación. Sector Centro Administrativo PNN El Tuparro (Cumaribo, Vichada)

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    La asignatura Ecología Regional Continental tiene como objetivo el análisis de los procesos ecológicos a escala de paisaje y bioma. A lo largo de su existencia dentro del programa curricular de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia se han realizado distintos estudios ecológicos en distintas regiones del país, ampliando cada vez más el conocimiento de los estudiantes que toman la asignatura y aportando al conocimiento de zonas poco estudiadas. Durante los últimos periodos, la fase de campo se ha realizado en zonas pertenecientes al Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Es así como se realizó un estudio preliminar durante el segundo semestre de 2010 en el PNN Cueva de Los Guacharos en el departamento del Huila, cumpliendo con el objetivo de una evaluación ecológica rápida a nivel de vegetación y limnología de manera dirigida, además de proyectos de distintos temas sobre aspectos ecológicos de la región. Para este periodo, primer semestre de 2011, la fase de campo se desarrolló en el PNN El Tuparro, ubicado en el departamento del Vichada y se incluyó adicionalmente el componente de faunación. Esta zona del país es poco conocida dado su difícil acceso, por lo que la información obtenida es de gran valor

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the general population (COMET-G) study.

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    INTRODUCTION: There are few published empirical data on the effects of COVID-19 on mental health, and until now, there is no large international study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire gathered data from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ± 13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square tests, multiple forward stepwise linear regression analyses and Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tested relations among variables. RESULTS: Probable depression was detected in 17.80% and distress in 16.71%. A significant percentage reported a deterioration in mental state, family dynamics and everyday lifestyle. Persons with a history of mental disorders had higher rates of current depression (31.82% vs. 13.07%). At least half of participants were accepting (at least to a moderate degree) a non-bizarre conspiracy. The highest Relative Risk (RR) to develop depression was associated with history of Bipolar disorder and self-harm/attempts (RR = 5.88). Suicidality was not increased in persons without a history of any mental disorder. Based on these results a model was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The final model revealed multiple vulnerabilities and an interplay leading from simple anxiety to probable depression and suicidality through distress. This could be of practical utility since many of these factors are modifiable. Future research and interventions should specifically focus on them

    Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

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    Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

    Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

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    We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

    Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p&#8211;Pb collisions at

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    Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

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    Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

    Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

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    Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe
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