DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BAGASSE DRYER TO RECOVER ENERGY OF WATER TUBE BOILER IN A SUGAR FACTORY

The prices of sugar cane, sugar produced and molasses are fixed by the government authorities, hence the only method for generating profits for sugar mills is by reducing manufacturing cost where steam and fuel economy plays an important role. The aim of the present research work is to reduce the moisture content of the bagasse by designing the counter flow heat exchanger configuration to increase the dryness fraction of the bagasse. The proposed design of Bagasse Drier consists of a device wherein the hot flue gases are indirectly mixed with the wet bagasse falling on the conveyer plate from the crushing section. Є-NTU method is used for analysis of counter flow heat exchanger and 1-D conductive heat transfer is considered across a thin plate. Reduction of dryness fraction of bagasse has increased its GCV from 9471.378KJ/kg to 11818.122 KJ/kg which enhanced boiler efficiency by 63.288% to 72.877%.  The wet bagasse dried up from 50.30% to 38.115%

Quantitative model for rationalizing solvent effect in noncovalent CH-Aryl interactions

The strength of CH–aryl interactions (ΔG) in 14 solvents was determined via the conformational analysis of a molecular torsion balance. The molecular balance adopted folded and unfolded conformers in which the ratio of the conformers in solution provided a quantitative measure of ΔG as a function of solvation. While a single empirical solvent parameter based on solvent polarity failed to explain solvent effect in the molecular balance, it is shown that these ΔG values can be correlated through a multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) using the equation introduced by Kamlet and Taft. The resulting LSER equation [ΔG = −0.24 + 0.23α − 0.68β − 0.1π* + 0.09δ]—expresses ΔG as a function of Kamlet–Taft solvent parameters—revealed that specific solvent effects (α and β) are mainly responsible for “tipping” the molecular balance in favour of one conformer over the other, where α represents a solvents\u27 hydrogen-bond acidity and β represents a solvents\u27 hydrogen-bond basicity. Furthermore, using extrapolated data (α and β) and the known π* value for the gas phase, the LSER equation predicted ΔG in the gas phase to be −0.31 kcal mol−1, which agrees with −0.35 kcal mol−1 estimated from DFT-D calculations

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Drug Delivery through Liposomes

Several efforts have been focused on targeted drug delivery systems for delivering a drug to a particular region of the body for better control of systemic as well as local action. Liposomes have proven their efficiency as a choice of carrier for targeting the drugs to the site of action. The main reason for continuous research on liposomes drug delivery is they largely attributed to the fact that they can mimic biological cells. This also means that liposomes are highly biocompatible, making them an ideal candidate for a drug delivery system. The uses found for liposomes have been wide-spread and even include drug delivery systems for cosmetics. Several reports have shown the applicability of liposomal drug delivery systems for their safe and effective administration of different classes of drugs like anti tubercular, anti cancer, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antisense, lung therapeutics, skin care, vaccines and gene therapy. Liposomes are proven to be effective in active or passive targeting. Modification of the bilayer further found to increase the circulation time, improve elasticity, Trigger sensitive release such as pH, ultrasound, heat or light with appropriate lipid compositions. The present chapter focuses on the fundamental aspects of liposomes, their structural components, preparation, characterization and applications

Naxos disease: A rare occurrence of cardiomyopathy with woolly hair and palmoplantar keratoderma

Naxos disease is a rare genodermatosis with woolly hair, keratoderma of palms and soles and cardiomyopathy. A seven-year-old boy presented with woolly hair and hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles since birth. His cardiac status was evaluated and echocardiography revealed early cardiomyopathy. Scalp biopsy revealed hair shaft in an angulated outline suggestive of woolly hair. So the diagnosis of Naxos disease was made. Since he was asymptomatic no treatment was offered but a regular follow-up of the patient and treatment of emergent symptoms should prevent sudden death

Performance Evaluation of ML-Based Algorithm and Taguchi Algorithm of the Hardness Value of the Friction Stir Welded AA6262 Joints at a Nugget Joint

Nowadays, industry 4.0 plays a tremendous role in the manufacturing industries for increasing the amount of data and accuracy in modern manufacturing systems. Thanks to artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, big data analytics have dramatically amended, and manufacturers easily exploit organized and unorganized data. This study utilized hybrid optimization algorithms to find friction stir welding and optimal hardness value at the nugget zone. A similar AA 6262 material was used and welded in a butt joint configuration. Tool rotational speed (RPM), tool traverse speed (mm/min), and the plane depth (mm) are used as controllable parameters and optimized using Taguchi L9, Random Forest, and XG Boost machine learning tools. Analysis of variance was also conducted at a 95% confidence interval for identifying the significant parameters. The result indicated that the coefficient of determination from Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is 0.91 obtained while Random Forest and XG Boost algorithm imparted 0.62 and 0.65 respectively. Keywords: Friction Stir Welding; Taguchi; Machine Learning; Hardness; Nugget Zone and Random Forest