Efeitos da semente de sucupira-branca (Pterodon emarginatus, Vogel) sobre a inflamação na articulação coxofemoral em cães avaliados pela termografia

Objetivou-se verificar o efeito anti-inflamatório na articulação coxofemoral em cães, do extrato da semente de sucupira-branca utilizando como veículo o Biotônico Fontoura®. Obteve-se o extrato por meio da associação com o Biotônico Fontoura®, que permaneceu sob maceração por sete dias em refrigeração a 4°C, sendo posteriormente filtrado e acondicionado em frasco âmbar, fechado, devidamente identificado. Obteve-se o Meloxicam no comércio local. Após a anamnese, os exames complementares e a avaliação termográfica, 23 animais que se encaixavam nos pré-requisitos receberam todas as instruções. Os animais do grupo fito receberam um frasco com o extrato, para ser administrado 2,5 mL na dose e 300 mg/kg, via oral, diariamente pela manhã, por 21 dias; os do grupo alopático receberam 21 comprimidos de Meloxicam, para ser administrado conforme o fabricante. Os animais foram acompanhados pela termografia nos tempos T=0 dias, T=10 dias e T=21 dias, sendo avaliados hematológica e radiograficamente no início e no fim da pesquisa. Animais do grupo fito apresentaram efeito positivo do extrato na resolução do processo inflamatório da articulação, sendo 61% mais eficaz do que o grupo Meloxicam. Não houve alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e radiográficos

Parasite load in the blood and skin of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum is correlated with their capacity to infect sand fly vectors

AbstractThe sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is primarily responsible for the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World, and dogs are considered to be the main urban reservoir of this disease. In order to improve the efficacy of control measures, it is essential to assess the transmission capacity of Leishmania infantum to the sand fly vector by naturally infected dogs. The present study investigated the existence of correlations between canine clinical presentation and the intensity of parasite load in the blood, skin and spleen of naturally infected dogs. In addition, we also attempted to establish correlations between the intensity of parasite load in canine tissue and the parasite load detected in sandflies five days after feeding on naturally infected dogs. A total of 23 dogs were examined and classified according to clinical manifestation of canine VL. Blood samples, splenic aspirate and skin biopsies were collected and parasite DNA was quantified by qPCR. Canine capacity to infect Lu. longipalpis with parasites was evaluated by xenodiagnosis and parasite loads were measured five days after feeding. No significant differences were observed with respect to canine clinical manifestation and the parasite loads detected in the blood, skin and spleen samples obtained from naturally infected dogs. Regardless of clinical canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) presentation and the degree of parasite burden, almost half of the dogs successfully infected sandflies with parasites, albeit to a low number of sandflies with correspondingly low parasite loads. Parasite loads in both canine blood and skin were shown to be positively correlated with the canine infectiousness to the sand fly vector, and positive correlations were also observed with respect to these tissues and the sand fly infection rate, as well as the parasite load detected in sandflies following xenodiagnosis. In conclusion, this indicates that parasite loads in both blood and skin can function as potentially reliable markers of canine capacity to infect sand fly vector

ASSISTÊNCIA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE COM SEPTICEMIA: UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

This study aims to describe the assistance provided by nursing professionals to patients with sepsis, according to the literature of the last five years. This is an integrative literature review study. The bibliographic survey was carried out between July and August 2023, in the LILACS, SCIELO and Periódico CAPES databases. To increase the scope of the review, the Boolean AND operator was used. The descriptors were used: sepsis “AND” nursing, which are registered in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and which were defined according to the proposed theme. The inclusion criteria for this study were original articles published in full, available in indexed databases, written in Portuguese and published between the period 2018 to 2023. After crossing the descriptors with Boolean in the databases, we found 55 studies in LILACS, 23 in SCIELO and 153 in CAPES. After analyzing, reading the articles and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 8 studies were selected to compose the integrative review, as these covered the proposed theme and achieved the proposed objectives. Regarding the approach of the selected studies, 1 was cross-sectional descriptive, 1 observational retrospective study, 1 cross-sectional study, descriptive of a documental nature, 2 qualitative descriptive studies, 1 cross-sectional with a retrospective approach, 1 exploratory descriptive with a qualitative approach and 1 descriptive in nature quantitative. It was evident that many nursing professionals had scientific knowledge for the recognition and management of patients with septicemia. However, some still lack training, as they confuse the signs and symptoms of sepsis with other pathologies and even fail to provide efficient assistance, as they do not carry out a rigorous evaluation of the patient to identify the signs of septicemia.Esse estudo tem como objetivo descrever a assistência realizada pelos profissionais de enfermagem ao paciente com sepse, conforme a literatura dos últimos cinco anos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2023, nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e Periódico CAPES. Para aumentar o escopo da revisão foi utilizado o operador booleano AND. Foram utilizados os descritores: sepse “AND” enfermagem, que estão registrados nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e que foram definidos conforme a temática proposta. Os critérios de inclusão desse estudo foram os artigos originais publicados na íntegra, disponíveis nas bases de dados indexadas, escritos em língua portuguesa e publicados entre o período de 2018 a 2023. Após o cruzamento dos descritores com o booleano nas bases de dados, foram encontrados 55 estudos no LILACS, 23 no SCIELO e 153 no CAPES. Após a análise, leitura dos artigos e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados um total de 8 estudos para compor a revisão integrativa, pois esses abrangeram a temática proposta e atingiram os objetivos propostos. Em relação à abordagem dos estudos selecionados, 1 foi transversal descritivo,  1 estudo observacional retrospectivo, 1 estudo transversal, descritivo de caráter documental, 2 estudos qualitativos descritivos, 1 corte transversal com abordagem retrospectiva, 1 exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e 1 descritivo de natureza quantitativa. Ficou evidente que muitos profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram conhecimentos científicos para o reconhecimento e manejo do paciente com septicemia. Entretanto, alguns ainda carecem de capacitações, visto que confundem os sinais e sintomas da sepse com outras patologias e até mesmo deixam de realizar uma assistência eficiente, pois não fazem uma avaliação rigorosa do paciente para identificar os sinais de septicemia. Palavras-chave: Enfermagem, Pacientes, Sepse

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Catálogo de plantas e fungos do Brasil

"Parabenizo a todos os botânicos que contribuíram para completar o presente catálogo. O Brasil é o país que provavelmente possui a maior flora do mundo, portanto, a produção de uma lista completa dessa flora é uma extensa tarefa. Os coordenadores mobilizaram uma grande equipe de pessoas para compilar a lista, e é ótimo ver que este projeto, diferentemente do que se observa em outros países, foi coordenado no Brasil. Isto demonstra o alto nível e a capacidade da comunidade botânica brasileira que se desenvolveu rapidamente nas últimas décadas. Este catálogo, por ter sido preparado na sua maioria por especialistas dos grupos estudados, mostra quais espécies são correntemente aceitas pelos botânicos envolvidos. As espécies foram padronizadas por meio da citação de materiais-voucher, a maioria dos quais foi coletada por brasileiros e está alojada em herbários do Brasil. A informação a respeito da distribuição geográfica de cada espécie será extremamente útil para fins de conservação, e é interessante notar o número expressivo de espécies endêmicas do Brasil. Este catálogo certamente será utilizado por estudantes de diversas áreas envolvendo botânica, ecologia e outras, e tenho certeza de que a sua existência estimulará futuras pesquisas a respeito de plantas brasileiras e que a sua versão online o manterá atualizado. O desafio agora é conservar os muitos ecossistemas diferentes nos quais estas espécies ocorrem, para manter a diversidade botânica do país.

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks