The effect of web advertising visual design on online purchase intention: An examination across gender

With web advertising growing to be a huge industry, it is important to understand the effectiveness of web advertisement. In this study we investigate the effects of web advertising visual design (WAVD) purchasing intention within the framework of an integrated model. Nine hypotheses were developed and tested on a dataset of 316 observations collected via a questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that while web advertising visual cues influence consumers' purchasing intention through advertising attitudes and brand attitudes, they do not have direct effects on purchasing intention. Further results on the moderating role of gender suggest that web advertising visual cues have direct effect on consumers' purchasing intention for male groups but not for female groups. This study contributes to the understanding the role of visual dimensions in forming online purchase intentions

A cross cultural study of gender differences in omnichannel retailing contexts

This research examines gender difference in omnichannel experience in modern shopping malls, combining personal, physical and virtual encounters. It proposes a new theoretical model: the gender-based shopping mall omnichannel experience model. Data was collected using 1139 questionnaires completed by millennial shoppers in the United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates. Data was analysed using partial least squares. The results showed a shift in males shopping behaviour as they pay more attention to peer interaction on social platforms, service excellence, convenience, diversity and personalisation in shopping malls than female shoppers, while aesthetics and privacy are more important for female shoppers

An examination of the gender gap in smartphone adoption and use in Arab countries:a cross-national study

This is the first research to study gender differences among consumers in a cross-national context in the Middle East: the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Jordan. A conceptual framework was developed by extending the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) further. It was tested among individuals aged 18–29 years using multi-stage cluster sampling. A total sample of around 900 usable responses from both countries were included in the analysis. The factors national IT development, enjoyment, perceived relative advantage, price value and effort expectancy were found to be significant in the model among Arab women in the UAE and Jordan. The study has theoretical, social and policy relating contributions. The study shows how an extended UTAUT2 fits among both genders in a cross-national context. The study is helpful for policymakers who intend to reduce the gender gap in smartphone adoption and use. The advancement of national IT development and the presence of effective policies focusing on women were found important in both countries

Analysing the effects of website design elements on online purchase intention: a cognitive-affective perspective

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University London.With the competitive nature of business-to-consumer (B2C) websites, the role of website design elements (WDEs) has the same importance as the website’s content, if not more, for the viewers’ interaction. The development of technology provides an extended opportunity for web designers and online marketers to create shopping environments that prompt both cognitive and affective reactions from online shoppers. While studies of website design and its consequences are widespread in the literature, there is little theoretical foundation that can be used to understand how WDEs result in online purchase intention through the influence of cognitive and affective judgements. This study, therefore, develops a theoretical model that incorporates a set of cognitive and affective elements in order to investigate the effects of WDEs on consumers’ intentions to shop online. The model is developed through the use of the Stimuli-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in which 20 hypotheses are drawn. In terms of WDEs, three elements based on previous research are included, namely: visual design (VD), information design (ID), and navigation design (ND). These design elements are modelled to website trust, website attitude, pleasure, and emotional arousal – which are important antecedents of behavioural intention. A salient consideration is also exploring the moderating role of gender in the relationships between independent and dependent variables in the proposed model. We address this purpose through the use of the Selectivity Hypothesis. In a laboratory setting, a total of 532 male and female online shoppers successfully completed a questionnaire survey after browsing a real B2C website. The collected data was managed and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 21.0. The results of this study highlight the importance of WDEs in shaping consumer behavioural intention through the influential role of cognitive and affective responses. In particular, the results indicate that consumers’ trust in e-vendors and their emotional responses are positively and significantly affected by WDEs. A consumer’s intention to shop online was also found to be influenced by website trust, website attitude, and emotional reactions of pleasure and arousal. Moreover, gender was found to moderate most of the relationships between WDEs and their consequences of online trust and emotional responses. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the effect of WDEs on online purchase intention is mediated by the levels of consumers’ trust in an e-vendor, as well as the pleasure and emotional arousal they generate. An important contribution of this study is that it provides a new understanding of how WDEs affect behavioural intentions by addressing the influential role of consumers’ cognitive and effective responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such an approach has been applied in order to understand the impacts of WDEs on online purchase intention in B2C settings. This study is also the first that shows a relationship between WDEs and shoppers’ emotional responses. Additionally, enhancing the knowledge of the role of gender in online consumer behaviour can make further research contributions. Keywords: Website design, cognitive response, affective response, trust, emotion, attitude, purchase intention, gender differences, moderators, mediators, the Stimuli-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and the Selectivity Hypothesis.Libyan embassy in London

Establishing Trust in E-Commerce Through Website Design Elements: The Moderating Role of Gender

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The publisher has waived the Open Access Processing fee for this article.It is expected that website design can lead to online trust, although research that systematically examines such a relationship is little. In addition, far too little attention has been paid to understand the effect of website design on e-trust across gender. In this study, therefore, three elements of website design (visual design, information design, and navigation design) are examined for their effect on consumer trust in e-commerce. Using data collected from 532 online shoppers, the overall model was first tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The research model was then tested for each gender group separately. The results of the study indicated that website design is an important factor in establishing trust in e-commerce. The results further revealed that website information design is more important to males than females in forming e-trust, while website navigation design is more important to females than males in forming e-trust. However, website visual design was found to be a key driver of e-trust for both males and females