Childhood and Race

Amongst the many social factors that impact upon children, race is arguably one of the largest. Race is an ever-present social category that governs many elements of a child’s interaction with others, and especially for racial minority children it exerts a deep influence on their understanding of themselves. In this chapter, we shall begin by examining what the concept of race really amounts to, emphasizing its status as a socially constructed concept, before examining in the following section how children first come to recognize the existence of race, and to understand their own racial identity.We will then look at two important areas that illustrate the profound impact that the social presence of race and the child’s developing understanding of racial identity have upon the social conditions of many children. First, we will examine how race and childhood intersect in matters of educational opportunity and achievement, before moving on to examine the issue of transracial adoption in the final section

Ask the expert: How to prevent leg ulcer recurrence when moving into compression hosiery. Leg ulceration

Once patients’ leg ulcers are healed, it is recommended that you move them from compression bandaging into leg ulcer hosiery kits or maintenance hosiery. But nurses often have difficulty in getting patients to comply with long-term hosiery use — which does require a lot of commitment — and ulcers often return. We asked Leanne Atkin, vascular nurse specialist at Mid- Yorkshire NHS Trust, how to ensure that your patients keep healing and remain healed when they move into maintenance compression hosiery

Race, Racism, and Social Policy

Policy-making must always pay attention to race. That is the central claim of this chapter. Regardless of whether some particular policy debate is ostensibly “racial”, policy-makers must attend to questions of race, because race is a ubiquitous, but frequently unnoticed, feature of our world. I examine the type of philosophical question about race that I think philosophers and policy-makers would do well to examine and consider how the question “What is race?” is pertinent to policy debate. Examples will be drawn from Australia, the United States, and Britain to illustrate these abstract arguments

The dilemmas of providing welfare in an ethnically diverse state : seeking reconciliation in the role of a 'reflexive practitioner'

Despite an increasing commitment to tackle disadvantage and discrimination, welfare states in the West struggle to provide accessible and appropriate health and social care to people of minority ethnic populations. This article analyses the dilemmas of welfare provision in an ethnically diverse state by drawing on empirical findings from a qualitative study exploring the perceptions and experiences of family life and social support for people of Pakistani origin living in the UK, and its interface with the state as a site of potentially competing and conflicting sets of social values. We conclude by suggesting that a notion of 'reflexive practitioner' is fundamental to generating a critical insight that can deal with the tensions posed by diversity for a welfare state

A rational method for determining intermittency in the transitional boundary layer

A new rational procedure is proposed for determining the intermittency in the streamwise direction. One of the key parameters for the intermittency determination is the selection of a threshold value, which often involves a certain level of subjectivity. Here, a reliable way of choosing the threshold value in a more objective manner is proposed. The proposed approach involves a single threshold value, equal to the magnitude of the maximum laminar perturbation in the transitional flow. The results obtained are validated with the widely used dual-slope method. In this paper, the measurements are carried out on an experimental arrangement, involving the interaction of an upstream aerofoil wake with a downstream flat plate boundary layer. As a by-product of the study, a scaling parameter has been identified which captures the length of the transition zone as the proximity of the aerofoil in the wall-normal direction is varied