Postitse vai sähköisesti? Näkemyksiä tiedonkeruumenetelmän valintaan Lääkäri 2008 –tutkimuksen pohjalta

Tässä artikkelissa pohditaan yhtäältä sähköisen tiedonkeruun, toisaalta paperisen ja sähköisen yhdistelmänä toteutetun tiedonkeruun mahdollisuuksia, haasteita ja ongelmia Lääkäri 2008 -tutkimuksen kokemusten valossa. Lääkäri 2008 -tutkimuksen tiedonkeruuta arvioidaan suhteessa yleisesti kyselytutkimuksessa havaittuihin virhelähteisiin, joita ovat kattavuusongelma, otosharha, vastauskato ja mittausvirhe. Artikkelin tavoitteena on auttaa muita tutkijoita ja tutkimusryhmiä tutkimusasetelman suunnittelussa ja oikean tiedonkeruumenetelmän valinnassa

What predicts doctors’ satisfaction with their chosen medical specialty? A Finnish national study

Background In Finland the number of medical specialists varies between specialties and regions. More regulation of the post-graduate medical training is planned. Therefore, it is important to clarify what predicts doctors’ satisfaction with their chosen specialty. Methods A random sample contained 50 % of all Finnish doctors under 70 years of age. The respose rate was 50.5 %. Working-age specialists were asked to value their motives when choosing a specialty. They were also asked if they would choose the same specialty again. The odds ratios for not choosing the same specialty again were tested. Results Diversity of work was the most important motive (74 % of respondents). Seventeen percent of GPs would not choose the same specialty again, compared to 2 % of ophthalmologists and 4 % of pediatricians. A major role of Diversity of work and Prestigious field correlated with satisfaction whereas Chance with dissatisfaction with the specialty. Discussion Motives and issues related to the work and training best correlate with satisfaction with the specialty. Conclusions When the numbers of Finnish postgraduate medical training posts become regulated, a renewed focus should be given to finding the most suitable speciality for each doctor. Information about employment and career advice should play an important role in this.BioMed Central open acces

Potilaat ovat muuttuneet Vuosina 1977–1991 valmistuneiden lääkärien arvio muutoksesta

Yhteiskunnassa tapahtuneiden muutosten keskellä potilaiden ja lääkärien kanssakäyminen on saanut uusia muotoja. Miten lääkärit ovat muutoksen kokeneet? Lääkäri 2003 -tutkimuksessa olivat perusjoukkona vuosina 1977–1991 valmistuneet eli 12–26 vuotta työelämässä olleet lääkärit. Satunnaisotokseen valituilta (n = 4 137) kysyttiin, mitä myönteisiä ja kielteisiä muutoksia oli lääkärin työssä tapahtunut heidän työssäoloaikanaan. Kysymykseen vastasi 2 060 lääkäriä. Vastaukset luokiteltiin aihepiireittäin 12 pääluokkaan, joista kaksi liittyi potilaisiin. Potilaiden tietotason nousuun liittyy lääkärien mielestä myönteisiä ja kielteisiä piirteitä. Potilaiden vaatimusten lisääntymisen lääkärit kokevat kielteisenä muutoksena. Ei-lääketieteelliset vastaanotolle tulon syyt lisäävät lääkärien työtaakkaa. Hyvän potilas-lääkärisuhteen edellytykset ovat lääkärien mielestä kuitenkin parantuneet

Lääkäri 2018 : Kyselytutkimus vuosina 2007–2016 valmistuneille lääkäreille

Lääkäri 2018 -tutkimus on osa viiden vuoden välein toistettavaa poikkileikkaustutkimusten sarjaa, joka aloitettiin kolme vuosikymmentä sitten. Tutkimuksen perusjoukkona olivat vuosina 2007–2016 laillistetut lääkärit (N=6 472), joista otokseen valittiin parittomana päivänä syntyneet (n=3 148). Vastausosuus oli 39 %. Vastaajista 85 % oli melko tai erittäin tyytyväisiä ammatinvalintaansa. Lääkärit tunsivat itsensä entistä enemmän työryhmän jäseniksi, ja lähes joka kolmas oli kiinnostunut johtamisesta. Neljäsosa vastanneista oli väitellyt tai teki väitöskirjaa. Peruskoulutuksen osalta tyytyväisyys sairaalatyön opetukseen oli suurempaa kuin tyytyväisyys terveyskeskusopetukseen. Sairaalaopetukseensa tyytyväisimmät olivat valmistuneet Itä-Suomen ja Turun yliopistoista, ja terveyskeskusopetukseen Itä-Suomen ja Tampereen yliopistoista. Lääkärit toivoivat peruskoulutuksen sisältävän enemmän etenkin toiminnanohjauksen taitoja. Erikoistumiskoulutuksessa toteutui parhaiten alan diagnostisten taitojen ja hoitotoimenpiteiden oppiminen. Kehitettävää löytyi erityisesti osaamisen arvioinnin ja oppimistavoitteiden täyttymisen seurannassa. Johtamistaitojen, tutkimus- ja opetustyön sekä terveystalouden opetusta toivottiin lisää. Saman erikoisalan valitsisi vielä 90 % vastanneista. Lääkäri 2018 -tutkimus toteutettiin kaikkien lääketieteellisten tiedekuntien sekä Lääkäriliiton yhteistyönä

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited