Washington leech collections.

14 p. : ill., map ; 26 cm. "December 7, 2010."An assessment of the hirudinifauna of Washington State is presented. In total, 11 distinct leech species were found representing two new records for the state and two new species of the genus Placobdella, both described herein. Placobdella kwetlumye, n. sp., and Placobdella sophieae, n. sp., both collected in Squires Lake, Whatcom County, are morphologically similar to P. burresonae and P. pediculata respectively, but exhibit morphological features that readily separate them from congeners. In addition to the descriptions of the new species, here we provide a brief summary of the morphological traits possessed by each species found

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Erpobdella punctata

Erpobdella punctata (Leidy, 1870) Figure 22 Erpobdella punctata is widely distributed in North America with highly variable pigmentation patterns (see diagrams in Klemm, 1982; Madill and Hovingh, 2007). The presence of two longitudinal paramedial stripes on the dorsal surface, as well as three pairs of eyespots, two annuli between gonopores and ejaculatory ducts not forming preatrial loops are consistent with the characteristics of E. punctata. Found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 12, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Helobdella elongata

Helobdella elongata (Castle, 1900) Figure 15 The absence of a chitinous nuchal scute as well as the presence of an unpigmented, nonpapillated, and subcylindrical body all correspond to the description of H. elongata. Washington specimens lacked obvious eyespots, a characteristic noticed for some individuals of this species elsewhere (Klemm, 1982). Found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 10, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Helobdella papillata Siddall and Borda 2003

Helobdella papillata (Verrill, 1872) Siddall and Borda, 2003 Figure 17 The presence of one pair of eyespots, longitudinal dorsal pigmented stripes, and rows of black-tipped papillae as well as one annulus between gonopores and diffuse salivary glands match the description of Helobdella papillata. This species belongs to the “ triserialis ” complex of species defined by Sawyer, 1986. Helobdella triserialis (Blanchard, 1894) was originally described based on specimens collected in Chile. However, because of the high degree of variation in the various forms in the New World, Ringuelet (1943) lumped them all under “ H. triserialis. ” Siddall and Borda (2003) found that at least North and South American forms each constitute distinct evolutionary lineages and resurrected Verrill’s name, Helobdella papillata, for North American forms, all of which are genetically similar regardless of pigmentation. Specimens were found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 10, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Erpobdella obscura Siddall 2002

Erpobdella obscura (Verrill, 1872) Siddall, 2002 Figure 21 The presence of four pairs of eyespots, colored patches dispersed on the dorsal and ventral surface, two annuli between gonopores, spirally coiled atrial cornua, ejaculatory ducts forming preatrial loops, and a relatively large size correspond to the description of Erpobdella obscura (see Klemm, 1982). Found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 12, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Glossiphonia elegans Castle 1900

Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill, 1872) Castle, 1900 Figure 14 The presence of three pairs of eyespots, dorsal papillation and pigmentation pattern, two paramedial longitudinal stripes in the ventral surface, two annuli between gonopores, and a relatively large size correspond with the description of Glossiphonia elegans. North American and European forms have very similar morphological traits, to the extent that previous taxonomists (i.e., Klemm, 1982; Sawyer, 1986) considered them to be the same species: Glossiphonia complanata (Linnaeus, 1758). However, Siddall et al. (2005), using phylogenetic criteria, found that they represent different evolutionary lineages and resurrected Verrill’s 1872 name Glossiphonia elegans for the North American species (see also Madill and Hovingh, 2007). Found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 9, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Placobdella kwetlumye Oceguera-Figueroa & Kvist & Watson & Sankar & Overstreet & Siddall 2010, new species

Placobdella kwetlumye, new species Figures 2–6 MATERIAL EXAMINED: Two specimens collected in Squires Lake, Washington on September 30, 2009, by Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa and Sebastian Kvist. Collected from the legs of AOF and on the underside of submerged rocks and wood. DESCRIPTION: External morphology based on two specimens. Body dorsoventrally flattened, lanceolate, brownish tegument. Average body length 17.75 (14.60–20.90), average body width 4.70 (4.60–4.80). Complete somite triannulate, partially subdivided in somites at middle of body. Somites I and II uniannulate; III–IV biannulate; V–XXIV triannulate; XXV–XXVI biannulate; XXVII uniannulate. Two pair eyespots on III in “placobdellid” arrangement (i.e., in which the anterior most eyespots are coalesced medially to each other and posteriorly to the second pair). Oral sucker small, mouth pore on anterior border. Posterior sucker circular with papillae on dorsal surface. Anus located on dorsal surface of XXVII. Solid longitudinal stripe in midline of dorsal surface from V to XXIV, partially interrupted by large papillae and replaced by unpigmented medial stripe in most anterior somites. Dorsum with seven rows of papillae. Large papillae forming five longitudinal rows, prominent papillae on a2. Medial and lateral rows more conspicuous than marginal rows. Minor paramedial rows formed of medium-sized papillae bilaterally in the area between medial and lateral rows. From XXV–XXVII minor paramedial rows only are prominent. Dorsal surface not occupied by large and medium papillae, covered with punctiform, evenly distributed papillae (fig. 2). Ventral surface smooth and brownish, without metameric stripes, papillae or spots (figs. 3–4). Male gonopore between XI and XII. Female gonopore at XII a2/a3; two annuli between gonopores. Internal morphology based on one dissected specimen. Proboscis large, in membranous sheath extending posteriorly to XI when retracted, unlooped. One pair well-developed anteromedial compact salivary glands extending from IXa3 to XI, discharging into base of proboscis. Posterolateral salivary glands absent. Esophagus short, folded, with one pair elongated mycetomes extending anteriorly from XI/XII to X a2 (fig. 5). Crop with seven pairs foliaceous caeca, last pair forming well-developed postcaeca (diverticula) extending posteriorly to XXV. Intestine with four pairs simple caeca in XX–XXIII. Male reproductive system with well-developed atrial cornua and highly coiled ejaculatory ducts. Six pairs intersegmental testisacs from XIII/XIV to XVIII/XIX. Ovisacs without common oviduct, anteriorly bilobed, extending posteriorly to XVII, anterior ovisac bifurcation at XIII/XIV. Anterior lobe extending anteriorly to XIII (fig. 6). HOLOTYPE: Dissected, fixed in ethanol. 20.9 length, 5.0 maximum width. Collected by Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa on September 30, 2009 (AMNH 5527). TYPE LOCALITY: Squires Lake, Whatcom County, Washington, 48°39′ 36.98″N; 122°20′ 02.76″W. PARATYPE: One undissected specimen fixed in ethanol, collected by Sebastian Kvist, Squires Lake, Whatcom County, Washington, 48°39′ 36.98″N; 122°20′ 02.76″W, on September 30, 2009 (AMNH 5528). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Thirteen specimens fixed in ethanol collected by Robin M. Overstreet. Some specimens found free living, some feeding from the cloaca of a gadwall (Anas strepera) in Summer Lake Wildlife Area, Lake County, Oregon, on August 14, 2002. REMARKS: This species stands apart from all other species of Placobdella by its possessing a single pair of compact salivary glands. Siddall et al. (2005) and Siddall and Bowerman (2006) redefined the genus Placobdella to include species provided with two pairs of eyespots (with the anterior pair smaller and coalesced), with one pair of cecate mycetomes connected to the esophagus and with bilobate ovaries. The morphological characteristics found in P. kwetlumye, n. sp., are consistent with that definition. Placobdella kwetlumye, n. sp., resembles other papillated members of the genus described for North America: Placobdella burresonae Siddall and Bowerman, 2006, Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953, Placobdella ali Hughes and Siddall, 2007, Placobdella ornata (Verrill, 1872), and Placobdella papillifera (Verrill, 1872). However, the new species is easily distinguished from the last three of these owing, among other things, to the pattern of papillation. Placobdella ali, P. ornata, and P. papillifera present highly papillated dorsal surfaces, not forming well-structured rows like those present in P. burresonae, P. multilineata, and P. kwetlumye, n. sp. In addition, those highly papillated species exhibit two pairs of well-developed compact salivary glands connecting to the base of the proboscis; P. kwetlumye, n. sp., is the only species of the genus lacking the posterior pair. Furthermore, P. ali and P. papillifera present ventral pigmentation patterns, completely absent in P. kwetlumye, n. sp. Placobdella burresonae and P. multilineata are superficially the most morphologically similar species to P. kwetlumye, n. sp. However, some differences in the external as well as in the internal morphology can be recognized. Medial and paramedial dorsal rows in P. burresonae and P. multilineata are formed by papillae of different size in every single annulus (see fig. 1 in Siddall and Bowerman, 2006), whereas in P. kwetlumye, n. sp., rows are formed by prominent papillae only on a2. Moreover, no marginal furrows are present in P. burresonae in contrast with P. kwetlumye, n. sp. (which has marginal papillae instead). ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is based on the Nlaka’pamux (an Interior Salish “Thompson group” language) word for “leech” or “bloodsucker,” k’wétł’um’ye. The species name should be pronounced “kwaitle-oom-yay.” The type locality of P. kwetlumye, n. sp., corresponds to a region inhabited by the Coast Salish, but because no word for “leech” could be found in the Coast Salish lexicon, we opted for the lexicon of the geographically closest group.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918

Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of \u3ci\u3ePlacobdella\u3c/i\u3e (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae)

An assessment of the hirudinifauna of Washington State is presented. In total, 11 distinct leech species were found representing two new records for the state and two new species of the genus Placobdella, both described herein. Placobdella kwetlumye, n. sp., and Placobdella sophieae, n. sp. both collected in Squires Lake, Whatcom County, are morphologically similar to P. burresonae and P. pediculata respectively, but exhibit morphological features that readily separate them from congeners. In addition to the descriptions of the new species here we provide a brief summary of the morphological traits possessed by each species found

Helobdella modesta Siddall et al. 2005

Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872) Siddall et al., 2005 Figure 16 Specimens all correspond to the description of H. modesta due to the presence of an obvious chitinous nuchal scute on the dorsal surface of VIII, one pair of eyespots, and the absence of dorsal or ventral papillation or pigmentation. The presence of a nuchal scute had led previous taxonomists to synonymize almost every previously described species exhibiting this characteristic under the name Helobdella stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758. Siddall et al. (2005), using a phylogenetic perspective, resurrected Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872) for the North American species. Found on the underside of submerged rocks and wood.Published as part of Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro, Kvist, Sebastian, Watson, Sara C., Sankar, Dominic F., Overstreet, Robin M. & Siddall, Mark E., 2010, Leech Collections from Washington State, with the Description of Two New Species of Placobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae), pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3701) on page 10, DOI: 10.1206/3701.2, http://zenodo.org/record/535918