La metacomunicación como dispositivo central de la intervención organizacional: enfoque comunicacional de la escuela de Lovaina

In this article we will develop the communicational approach of the Louvain’s school, which is centred in the analysis of the tool in the intervention and induction of the change in the organisations. We will approach the description of the system of the intervention, the analysis of the leveis of the pilotage in itself –current pilotage and metapilotage– and the indicators of the metapilotage, in which the built metacommunication is the central axis of the comptroller–consultant workEste artículo desarrolla el enfoque comunicacional de la escuela de Lovaina y se centra en el análisis del dispositivo de intervención y de inducción del cambio en las organizaciones. Aborda la descripción del sistema de intervención, el análisis de los niveles de pilotaje de la misma –pilotaje corriente y metapilotaje– y los indicadores del metapilotaje, en los cuales la metacomunicación construida es el eje central del trabajo del interventor-consultor

Comunicación intercultural: Aportes de la pragmática y de la teoría proxémica en el estudio de las relaciones interculturales

In this article, we talk about intercultural communication from a pragmatic point of view. We will present, in detail, interaction notions, context, culture, and the proxemic theory. These factors will serve as a reflection around testimonies provided by an intercultural communication seminar held at the campus of Lovaina the New, in Belgium. Finally, we will present some notions of cultural shock, negotiation, and meta-communication, as key concepts to face conflicting intercultural relations and for achieving a satisfactory cultural integration.En este artículo abordaremos el tema de la comunicación intercultural desde una perspectiva pragmática. Nos detendremos en las nociones de interacción, contexto, cultura y teoría proxémica. Éstas enmarcarán la reflexión en torno a los testimonios provenientes de un seminario de comunicación intercultural que tuvo lugar en la ciudad universitaria de Lovaina la Nueva, en Bélgica. Para culminar, presentaremos las nociones de choque cultural, negociación y metacomunicación, como conceptos clave para sobrellevar las relaciones culturales conflictuales y lograr una integración cultural satisfactoria

Anteproyecto de diseño arquitectónico para el mercado de San Rafael Oriente, departamento de San Miguel

RESUMEN:Los Mercados Municipales tienen una participación sumamente significativa en el ámbito económico y social de los municipios, en este caso en concreto, del municipio de San Rafael Oriente, en el que su mercado no es la excepción en cuanto a importancia, es por ello que en este presente trabajo, está el propósito de mejorar la infraestructura, que aporte mejores condiciones para el fortalecimiento y desarrollo de oportunidades de empleo y emprendimiento, para la población del municipio, ideando un diseño arquitectónico, que cumpla con las expectativas necesarias para solventar todos los problemas, retomando tipología de edificios y detalles arquitectónicos característicos del lugar del entorno. METODOLOGÍA: Los procedimientos y técnicas que fueron aplicados en la realización de este trabajo fueron: La investigación de campo, en donde se realizó una recopilación de datos a través de un análisis visual de la estructura ya existente y entrevistas con las partes involucradas. Investigación de Campo, Con la finalidad de obtener conocimientos fundamentales se llevó a cabo la recopilación, selección, análisis y presentación de información basándose en el uso de documentos, bibliografías, libros, manuales, leyes y reglamentos que permitieron utilizar estos conocimientos para aplicarlos en la propuesta. OBJETIVOS: Contribuir al desarrollo local a través de un edificio que albergue un número significativo de personas que desarrollan la actividad económica para afinar el orden e higiene al cual se ven sometidos, dando así puestos que cubran las necesidades higiénicas de los comerciantes, ventilación e iluminación apropiada. ABSTRACT:The Municipal Marketplace have a highly significant participation in the economic and social sphere of the municipalities, in this specific case, the municipality of San Rafael Oriente, in which its marketplace is not the exception in terms of importance, that is why in this present work is the purpose of improving the infrastructure, which provides better conditions for the strengthening and development of employment and entrepreneurship opportunities for the population of the municipality, devising an architectural design that meets the necessary expectations to solve all problems , retaking the typology of buildings and architectural details characteristic of the surrounding place. METHODOLOGY: The procedures and techniques that were applied in carrying out this work were: The field investigation, where a data collection was carried out through a visual analysis of the existing structure and interviews with the parties involved. Field Research, In order to obtain fundamental knowledge, the collection, selection, analysis and presentation of information was carried out based on the use of documents, bibliographies, books, manuals, laws and regulations that allowed use of this knowledge to apply them in the proposal. OBJECTIVES: Contribute to local development through a building that houses a significant number of people who carry out economic activity to refine the order and hygiene to which they are subjected, thus providing positions that cover the hygienic needs of merchants, ventilation and lighting appropriate

Bases pour la reformulation des politiques de logement dans les régions rurales: caractérisation du patrimoine résidentiel et du statut socio-économique des municipalités dans Castille-La Mancha

Housing policy in Spain has traditionally been conceived as being uniform throughout the country; giving preference to the housing economic dimension over the social, environmental and territorial ones; promoting the private property culture; and following an urban-metropolitan logic. Facing this notion of housing policy, this article holds the need to recognize local and regional conditions in its design and accordingly moving towards an agenda whose main axis is the rent, rehabilitation, and intervention in the existing urban fabric. Taking as a case study the rural region of Castilla-La Mancha, this article presents a cluster analysis that identifies types of municipalities based on their socioeconomic characteristics and physical conditions of their housing stock, with the aim of adapting housing policy for the different types of municipalities.La política de vivienda en España ha sido tradicionalmente concebida de manera uniforme para todo el territorio nacional, anteponiendo la dimensión económica de la vivienda a la social, ambiental y territorial, promoviendo la cultura de la propiedad privada, y siguiendo una lógica urbana-metropolitana. Frente a esta concepción y forma de hacer de la política de vivienda, este artículo mantiene la necesidad de reconocer condiciones locales y regionales para su diseño y, conforme a ello, apuesta por avanzar hacia una agenda cuyo eje fundamental sea el alquiler, la rehabilitación y la intervención en el tejido urbano existente. Tomando como caso de estudio la región rural de Castilla-La Mancha, este artículo plantea un análisis clúster para identificar tipos de municipios en función de sus características socioeconómicas y de las condiciones físicas de su parque de viviendas, con el objetivo de adecuar la política de vivienda para las diferentes tipologías de municipios.La politique du logement en Espagne a traditionnellement été conçue de manière uniforme dans tout le territoire national, en mettant la dimension économique du logement devant à la sociale, environnementale et territoriale, en promouvant la culture de la propriété privée et en suivant une logique urbaine-métropolitaine. Face à cette conception et façon de faire de la politique du logement, cet article maintient la nécessité de reconnaître les conditions locales et régionales pour sa planification et en conséquence il avance vers un agenda dont l’axe principal est le loyer, la réhabilitation et l’intervention dans le tissu urbain existant. Prenant comme étude de cas la région rurale de Castilla-La Mancha, cet article présente une analyse de cluster pour identifier les types de municipalités en fonction de leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et les conditions physiques de leur stock de logements, dans le but d’adapter la politique du logement pour les différents types de municipalités

Developing speaking competences in technical English for Spanish civil engineering students

[EN] Traditionally, Spanish schools of civil engineering provide their students a class on “Technical English” in order to develop their language skills. However, this class does not cover all the skills that the student would need in the labor market and mainly focuses in the reading and writing skills, and in a lower degree in the speaking and listening ones. This paper proposes a series of innovative and informal training activities (cine-forum on technical civil engineering topics and role playing on real professional situations) that allow Spanish civil engineering students to develop English skills that can rarely be worked in the classroom (i.e. speaking, negotiating and conversing), encouraging debate, participation, and fostering their self-confidence to speak about technical-English topics in public. Although the students’ level of English is much lower than expected, they all agree on the importance of technical English for their future career. The results also show the students’ lack in skills that are difficult to train in regular classes (speaking and talking). Consequently, this situation would require to provide complementary activities like the ones suggested in this project in order to develop these skills and increase the students’ demand for engineering classes taught in English.Romero De Ávila Serrano, V.; Diaz García, S.; Asensio Sánchez, L.; Lozano Galant, JA.; Moyano Enríquez De Salamanca, A.; Porras Soriano, R.; Poveda Bautista, E.... (2017). Developing speaking competences in technical English for Spanish civil engineering students. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1228-1236. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.55641228123

Fluctuations in export productivity over the last century from sediments of a southern Chilean fjord (44°S)

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B. V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 65 (2005): 587-600, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.005.Here we present the first reconstruction of changes in surface primary production during the last century from the Puyuhuapi fjord in southern Chile, using a variety of parameters (diatoms, biogenic silica, total organic carbon, chlorins, and proteins) as productivity proxies. Two sediment cores from the head and the center of the fjord were analyzed and compared to gain insights on past changes in productivity in these two different depositional environments. Higher sedimentation rates found at the head of the fjord result from the combination of a shallower water column and a restricted circulation by the occurrence of a sill. Additionally, sediment mixing depths estimated from 210Pb data suggest that suboxic conditions may dominate the bottom water and the sediment-water interface in this location. Productivity of the Puyuhuapi fjord during the last century was characterized by a constant increase from the late 19th century to the early 1980s, then decreased until the late-1990s, and then rose again to present-day values. The influence of rainfall on productivity was most noticeable during periods of low rainfall, which coincided with decreased overall productivity within the Puyuhuapi fjord. Simultaneous variations in productivity and rainfall in the study area suggest that marine productivity could respond to atmospheric-oceanic interactions at a local scale. At a regional scale, marine productivity of the area may be related to other large-scale processes such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation.We are grateful to the Ministerio de Hacienda de Chile (Chilean Ministry of Treasury) and the National Oceanographic Committee (CONA) for financial support to carry out the Cimar-7 Fiordo Program (Grant C7F 01-10 to Silvio Pantoja), the FONDAP-COPAS Center, and Grant 200.031.085-1 (UdeC) for financial support. Sepúlveda was funded by a scholarship from the Graduate School of the University of Concepción and by the FONDAP-COPAS Center. Additional support was given by Fundación Andes through the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/University of Concepción agreement

Representaciones sociales de líderes comunitarios sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en un sector marginal de la ciudad de Cali

Introduction: Social representations are a kind of common sense knowledge by means of which individuals and communities convert a physical reality into perceptible constructions of what surrounds them, converting the strange into familiar. The main objective of this study was to understand the social representations of the leaders of community-based organizations on the consumption of psychoactive substances in a neighborhood sector of commune 18 in the city of Cali. Method: A study was developed under a qualitative research approach and its design was assumed as a study of social representations, which subscribes to the interpretive-constructivist paradigm. Results: The community leaders defined the two-dimensional phenomenon, on the one hand; a health problem, evidencing a series of scientific knowledge in the participants, which influences the constitution of the Social Representation of psychoactive substance consumption as a disease, and on the other hand, a social problem given that it is associated with social determinants and of policies that are outside the scope of consumption itself. Conclusion: The Social Representations that leaders and community-based organizations attribute to the use of psychoactive substances in the sector of the commune 18 are characterized by being made up of meanings that are woven between a scientific knowledge about the consumption of substances, an institutional discourse and the moral assessment system established in the context of the community. Introducción: Las representaciones sociales son un tipo de conocimiento de sentido común por medio del cual los individuos y las comunidades convierten una realidad física en construcciones perceptibles de aquello que les rodea, convirtiendo lo extraño en familiar. El objetivo primordial de este estudio fue comprender las representaciones sociales de los líderes de organizaciones de base comunitaria sobre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en un sector barrial de la comuna 18 en la ciudad de Cali. Método: Se desarrolló un estudio bajo un enfoque investigativo cualitativo y su diseño se asumió como un estudio de representaciones sociales, el cual se suscribe al paradigma interpretativo-constructivista. Resultados: Los líderes comunitarios definieron el fenómeno de manera bidimensional; por un lado, como un problema de salud, evidenciando una serie de saberes científicos en los participantes que influyen en la constitución de la representación social de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas como una enfermedad, y por otro lado, como un problema social asociado a determinantes sociales y políticas que están fuera del alcance del consumo en tanto fenómeno. Conclusión: Las representaciones sociales que los líderes y organizaciones de base comunitaria le atribuyen al uso de sustancias psicoactivas en el sector de la Comuna 18; están caracterizadas por significados que se tejen entre un saber científico sobre el consumo de sustancias, un discurso institucional y el sistema de valoración moral establecido en el contexto de la comunidad

Co-option of Neutrophil Fates by Tissue Environments.

Classically considered short-lived and purely defensive leukocytes, neutrophils are unique in their fast and moldable response to stimulation. This plastic behavior may underlie variable and even antagonistic functions during inflammation or cancer, yet the full spectrum of neutrophil properties as they enter healthy tissues remains unexplored. Using a new model to track neutrophil fates, we found short but variable lifetimes across multiple tissues. Through analysis of the receptor, transcriptional, and chromatin accessibility landscapes, we identify varying neutrophil states and assign non-canonical functions, including vascular repair and hematopoietic homeostasis. Accordingly, depletion of neutrophils compromised angiogenesis during early age, genotoxic injury, and viral infection, and impaired hematopoietic recovery after irradiation. Neutrophils acquired these properties in target tissues, a process that, in the lungs, occurred in CXCL12-rich areas and relied on CXCR4. Our results reveal that tissues co-opt neutrophils en route for elimination to induce programs that support their physiological demands.This study was supported byIntramural grants from the Severo Ochoa program (IGP-SO), a grant from Fundacio la Marato de TV3 (120/C/2015-20153032), grant SAF2015-65607-R fromMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) with co-funding by Fondo Eu-ropeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), RTI2018-095497-B-I00 from MICINN,HR17_00527 from Fundacion La Caixa, and Transatlantic Network of Excel-lence (TNE-18CVD04) from the Leducq Foundation to A.H. I.B. is supportedby fellowship MSCA-IF-EF-748381 and EMBO short-term fellowship 8261.A.R.-P. is supported by a fellowship (BES-2016-076635) and J.A.N.-A. byfellowship SVP-2014-068595 from MICINN. R.O. is supported by ERC startinggrant 759532, Italian Telethon Foundation SR-Tiget grant award F04, ItalianMoH grant GR-201602362156, AIRC MFAG 20247, Cariplo Foundation grant2015-0990, and the EU Infect-ERA 126. C.S. is supported by the SFB 1123,project A07, as well as by the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) and the BMBF (German Ministry of Education and Research) grant81Z0600204. L.G.N. is supported by SIgN core funding from A*STAR. The CNIC is supported by the MICINN and the Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MICINN award SEV-2015-0505). G.F.-C. issupported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacio ́n (grantPID2019-110895RB-100) and Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha(grant SBPLY/19/180501/000211). C.R. received funding from the BoehingerIngelheim Foundation (consortium grant ‘‘Novel and Neglected CardiovascularRisk Factors’’) and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF 01EO1503) and is a Fellow of the Gutenberg Research College (GFK)at the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzS

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Post-Franco Theatre

In the multiple realms and layers that comprise the contemporary Spanish theatrical landscape, “crisis” would seem to be the word that most often lingers in the air, as though it were a common mantra, ready to roll off the tongue of so many theatre professionals with such enormous ease, and even enthusiasm, that one is prompted to wonder whether it might indeed be a miracle that the contemporary technological revolution – coupled with perpetual quandaries concerning public and private funding for the arts – had not by now brought an end to the evolution of the oldest of live arts, or, at the very least, an end to drama as we know it