Conditions of human development in Wayuu child malnutrition

Objective: To analyze the incidence of factors associated with human development in Wayuu child malnutrition in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. Method: A qualitative study based on a social phenomenological methodology, using semi-structured interviews. Results: Wayuu lived experiences reveal a progressive conception of development, as well as the influence of the territorial context as a determining factor in child malnutrition. The findings show that this social scourge constitutes a multidimensional problem andrepresents the materialization of precarious living conditions and social inequality to which this community has historically been exposed. Conclusions: There is a need to implement comprehensive approaches that enable, through coordinated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community while recognizing and valuing their ancestral knowledge.the department of La Guajira. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological methodology, through semi-structuredinterview. Results: a conception of progressive development is found in the Wayuu experiences, and an incidence of the territorial context as a condition for child malnutrition. It is evident that this social scourge is a multidimensional problem, a materialization of precariousness and social inequality to which this communityhas historically been exposed. Conclusions: it is necessary to implement comprehensive proposals that enable, through articulated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community, recognizing their ancestral knowledge.  Objective: To analyze the incidence of factors associated with human development in Wayuu child malnutrition in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. Method: A qualitative study based on a social phenomenological methodology, using semi-structured interviews. Results: Wayuu lived experiences reveal a progressive conception of development, as well as the influence of the territorial context as a determining factor in child malnutrition. The findings show that this social scourge constitutes a multidimensional problem and represents the materialization of precarious living conditions and social inequality to which this community has historically been exposed. Conclusions: There is a need to implement comprehensive approaches that enable, through coordinated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community while recognizing and valuing their ancestral knowledge.the department of La Guajira. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological methodology, through semi-structured interview. Results: a conception of progressive development is found in the Wayuu experiences, and an incidence of the territorial context as a condition for child malnutrition. It is evident that this social scourge is a multidimensional problem, a materialization of precariousness and social inequality to which this community has historically been exposed. Conclusions: it is necessary to implement comprehensive proposals that enable, through articulated institutional actions, the effective participation of the community, recognizing their ancestral knowledge

Institutional trajectories of youths in the state protection system in Colombia

The present article aims to analyze the characteristics of institutional life in young people under residential care in the district of Cali who lost parental care between 2022 and 2023, from the perspective of their individual life trajectories. Key concepts such as life course, trajectories, and institutionalization are revisited, which helped to highlight assumptions that institutionalization generates effects on the individual’s development. Inthis way, it was possible to show that in young adults who grew up within the Colombian Protection System,it is possible to recognize an existing tension between their level of autonomy, institutional demands, and thepossibility of a world outside that is often unknown in its functioning, an aspect that poses challenges to the individual in their exercise of citizenship.The present article aims to analyze the characteristics of institutional life in young people under residential care in the district of Cali who lost parental care between 2022 and 2023, from the perspective of their individual life trajectories. Key concepts such as life course, trajectories, and institutionalization are revisited, which helped to highlight assumptions that institutionalization generates effects on the individual’s development. In this way, it was possible to show that in young adults who grew up within the Colombian Protection System, it is possible to recognize an existing tension between their level of autonomy, institutional demands, and the possibility of a world outside that is often unknown in its functioning, an aspect that poses challenges to the individual in their exercise of citizenship

La detección temprana en el TEA: transitando del déficit a la inclusión social y educativa

This reflective article critically examines the predominant approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) by 2025, aiming to assess whether deficit-centered perspectives persist or whether there has been a successful transition toward social and educational inclusion models based on the neurodiversity paradigm. To achieve this, a systematic review of 60 scientific studies was conducted, including recent research (2023-2025), utilizing a methodology that combined documentary analysis, critical evaluation of specialized literature, and synthesis of empirical evidence. The results demonstrate significant advances in the neurobiological understanding of ASD, particularly in the identification of genetic markers and differential neurocognitive characteristics. However, critical gaps persist between theoretical knowledge and practical application, especially in the Colombian context, where limitations are observed in access to timely diagnoses (average delay of 18 months) and the implementation of effective educational adaptations (only 34% of institutions properly apply Individualized Reasonable Adjustment Plans [PIAR]). The article proposes neuropsychopedagogy-based strategies to promote inclusive educational models, emphasizing: 1) the design of individualized plans with a neurodiverse approach, 2) specialized teacher training, and 3) the development of public policies that ensure a transition from an assistance-based model to one of real inclusion. These findings highlight the need to align scientific advancements with practical interventions that address the specific needs of individuals with ASD and their families.El presente artículo de reflexión analiza críticamente los enfoques predominantes en el abordaje del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) hacia el año 2025, con el objetivo de evaluar la perspectiva centrada en el déficit o si se ha consolidado una transición hacia modelos de inclusión social y educativa basados en el paradigma de la neurodiversidad. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de 60 estudios científicos, incluyendo investigaciones recientes (2023-2025), mediante una metodología que combinó análisis documental, evaluación crítica de literatura especializada y síntesis de evidencias empíricas. Los resultados evidencian avances significativos en la comprensión neurobiológica del TEA, particularmente en la identificación de marcadores genéticos y características neurocognitivas diferenciales. Sin embargo, persisten brechas críticas entre el conocimiento teórico y su aplicación práctica, especialmente en el contexto colombiano, donde se observan limitaciones en el acceso a diagnósticos oportunos y en la implementación de adaptaciones educativas efectivas (solo 34 % de instituciones aplican adecuadamente los PIAR). El artículo propone estrategias basadas en la neuropsicopedagogía para promover modelos educativos inclusivos, destacando: 1) el diseño de planes individualizados con enfoque neurodiverso; 2) la formación docente especializada; y 3) el desarrollo de políticas públicas que garanticen la transición desde un modelo asistencialista hacia uno de inclusión real. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de articular los avances científicos con intervenciones prácticas que respondan a las necesidades específicas de las personas con TEA y sus familias

Pueblo de Dios en Cristo. Aportes de Ratzinger a la teología en América

Joseph Ratzinger develops his theology of the Church based on the images of the “Body of Christ” and the “People of God”, proposed by the Second Vatican Council. The complementarity between these two notions is a key aspect of his ecclesiology, which emphasizes the Eucharistic and theological dimensions. The Church’s task is to resemble Christ and be a sign of God’s presence in the world. This article seeks to present the German author’s ecclesiology and determine whether his approaches can be applied to the reality of Latin America. The conclusion is that sacramentality is an essential feature of the Church, as a sign of the Trinity’s presence in the world; that the baptismal mission also leads to fraternity, with an emphasis on the preferential option for the poor; and that his proposals are relevant to the Church’s mission as a witness to hope in Christ for the American continent.Joseph Ratzinger desarrolla su teología sobre la Iglesia a partir de las imágenes “Cuerpo de Cristo” y “Pueblo de Dios”, resaltadas por el Concilio Vaticano II. La complementariedad entre ambas nociones es un aspecto clave de su eclesiología, en la que destacan las dimensiones eucarística y teológica. La Iglesia tiene como tarea asemejarse a Cristo y ser signo de la presencia de Dios en el mundo. En este artículo se busca presentar la eclesiología del autor alemán y precisar si es posible aplicar sus planteamientos a la realidad de Latinoamérica. Se concluye que la sacramentalidad es un rasgo esencial de la Iglesia como signo de la presencia de la Trinidad en el mundo, que la misión bautismal conduce también a la fraternidad, con énfasis en la opción preferencial por los pobres y que sus propuestas son pertinentes para la misión de la Iglesia como testimonio de la esperanza en Cristo para el continente americano

La fenomenología acontecial de Emmanuel Falque

The article examines the phenomenology of Emmanuel Falque, situating it within the broader context of the new French phenomenologies and specifically within evential phenomenologies. It is argued that Falque takes the openness of phenomenological thought to the extreme by insisting that phenomena manifest themselves not only as intentional objects, but as events that destabilise, wound and transform the subject. Through an analysis that dialogues with Husserl, Heidegger, Marion and other contemporaries, it shows how Falque shifts the centre of gravity of phenomenology towards the experience of fracture, wounding and resistance, arguing that meaning emerges at the limit, where all synthesis fails and where the body and vulnerability become privileged sites of signification. The crossover between philosophy and theology, far from implying an unreflective fusion, appears as a critical challenge and an opportunity to rethink the frontiers of thought from lived experience. Thus, the phenomenology of events proposed by Falque reveals itself as a radical response to contemporary crises, inviting us to inhabit the mystery of what happens beyond all conceptual guarantees.El artículo examina la fenomenología de Emmanuel Falque, situándola en el contexto más amplio de las nuevas fenomenologías francesas y específicamente dentro de las fenomenologías aconteciales. Se argumenta que Falque lleva al extremo la apertura del pensamiento fenomenológico al insistir en que los fenómenos se manifiestan no solo como objetos intencionales, sino como acontecimientos que desestabilizan, hieren y transforman al sujeto. A través de un análisis que dialoga con Husserl, Heidegger, Marion y otros autores contemporáneos, se muestra cómo Falque desplaza el centro de gravedad de la fenomenología hacia la experiencia de la fractura, la herida y la resistencia, al defender que el sentido emerge en el límite, allí donde fracasa toda síntesis y donde el cuerpo y la vulnerabilidad se convierten en lugares privilegiados de significación. El cruce entre filosofía y teología, lejos de implicar una fusión irreflexiva, aparece como un desafío crítico y una oportunidad para repensar las fronteras del pensamiento desde la experiencia vivida. Así, la fenomenología acontecial propuesta por Falque se revela como una respuesta radical a las crisis contemporáneas que invita a habitar el misterio de lo que acontece más allá de toda garantía conceptual

A call to the intellectual as a collective subject

The intellectual is often imagined as a solitary wanderer—someone confined all day in a study, backed by a sturdy wooden library, an ashtray to the left, a cup of coffee to the right, and, in the distance, a window where the sunset appears and, at night, the cicadas sing. Indeed, when Plato, seeking to problematize the origin of intellectual ingenuity, the root of knowledge, and the enigma of wisdom, writes the myth of the cicadas in his Phaedrus, he seems to be thinking of a subject who must withdraw from the world to find inspiration in the hidden voice of nature. This subject forgets to attend to basic needs or daily concerns, for their soul is cast toward ideas, and their ultimate purpose is to compose the truest discourses—to encode, in the form of language, what the cicadas sing to them. This idea, which no doubt serves to explain the faculty that drives us to create knowledge, to name the things of the world with virtue, truth, and goodness, ought, however, to be expanded—beyond the individual who walks alone along the frontiers of reason— to consider the subject of knowledge as a being in community, as a collective subject.The intellectual is often imagined as a solitary wanderer—someone confined all day in a study, backed by a sturdy wooden library, an ashtray to the left, a cup of coffee to the right, and, in the distance, a window where the sunset appears and, at night, the cicadas sing. Indeed, when Plato, seeking to problematize the origin of intellectual ingenuity, the root of knowledge, and the enigma of wisdom, writes the myth of the cicadas in his Phaedrus, he seems to be thinking of a subject who must withdraw from the world to find inspiration in the hidden voice of nature. This subject forgets to attend to basic needs or daily concerns, for their soul is cast toward ideas, and their ultimate purpose is to compose the truest discourses—to encode, in the form of language, what the cicadas sing to them. This idea, which no doubt serves to explain the faculty that drives us to create knowledge, to name the things of the world with virtue, truth, and goodness, ought, however, to be expanded—beyond the individual who walks alone along the frontiers of reason— to consider the subject of knowledge as a being in community, as a collective subject

A Soberania da Colômbia no 82º Meridiano

The paper analyzes the problems between Colombia and Nicaragua regarding their border delimitation andthe ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a ruling that questioned the acts of sovereignty exercisedby Colombia in the 82nd Meridian and the loss of sea in the archipelago of San Andres, Santa Catalinaand Providencia in favor of Nicaragua. This paper is documentary review research, qualitative in nature,whose main methodology is the analysis of a single case and the position of different authors regarding theBárcenas-Esguerra treaty. The strategy was based on the collection of information, supported by documents,where a detailed tracking of texts, articles, books and columns that dealt with the research topic was carriedout, by means of the elaboration of a comparative matrix of texts. The results show that the authors coincidein stating that the Court did not consider several aspects of international law that revolve around sovereignty,international relations, the law of the sea, the Principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda and territorial law.The paper analyzes the problems between Colombia and Nicaragua regarding their border delimitation and the ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a ruling that questioned the acts of sovereignty exercised by Colombia in the 82nd Meridian and the loss of sea in the archipelago of San Andres, Santa Catalina and Providencia in favor of Nicaragua. This paper is documentary review research, qualitative in nature, whose main methodology is the analysis of a single case and the position of different authors regarding the Bárcenas-Esguerra treaty. The strategy was based on the collection of information, supported by documents, where a detailed tracking of texts, articles, books and columns that dealt with the research topic was carried out, by means of the elaboration of a comparative matrix of texts. The results show that the authors coincide in stating that the Court did not consider several aspects of international law that revolve around sovereignty, international relations, the law of the sea, the Principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda and territorial law.RESUMO Este artigo trata de autores que analisam os problemas entre a Colômbia e a Nicarágua com relação à delimitação de suas fronteiras e à decisão da Corte Internacional de Justiça (CIJ), uma decisão que questionou os atos de soberania exercidos pela Colômbia no Meridiano 82 e a perda do mar no arquipélago de San Andrés, Santa Catalina e Providencia em favor da Nicarágua. Este artigo é uma pesquisa de revisão documental, de natureza qualitativa, cuja metodologia principal é a análise de um único caso e a posição de diferentes autores em relação ao tratado Bárcenas-Esguerra. A estratégia baseou-se na coleta de informações, apoiada em documentos, em que foi realizado um rastreamento detalhado de textos, artigos, livros e colunas que tratavam do tema da pesquisa, por meio da elaboração de uma matriz comparativa de textos. Os resultados mostram que os autores coincidem em afirmar que a Corte não levou em conta vários aspectos do direito internacional que giram em torno da soberania, das relações internacionais, do direito do mar, do Princípio do Pacta Sunt Servanda e do direito territorial. Traduzido com a versão gratuita do tradutor - DeepL.co

Construction of a well-being index for families in Envigado, Colombia

The family has been extensively studied as a key determinant of well-being, given the influence of social,political, and economic changes that affect it. Consequently, this study aimed to develop a well-being indexfor families in Envigado, Colombia. It employed a mixed-methods approach consisting of two phases. Theinitial qualitative phase involved data collection through four focus groups, while the subsequent quantitativephase entailed designing a questionnaire aligned with the dimensions of well-being identified in the first phase. The qualitative findings highlighted that well-being is intrinsically linked to the harmony of living and social protection, encompassing dimensions such as education, health, interactions, among others. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis established a well-being model centered on the dimensions of healthand social cohesion. Notably, the results indicated a high level of well-being among families in Envigado. Inconclusion, this index contributes to public policies in this municipality of Colombia.The family has been extensively studied as a key determinant of well-being, given the influence of social,political, and economic changes that affect it. Consequently, this study aimed to develop a well-being index for families in Envigado, Colombia. It employed a mixed-methods approach consisting of two phases. The initial qualitative phase involved data collection through four focus groups, while the subsequent quantitativephase entailed designing a questionnaire aligned with the dimensions of well-being identified in the first phase. The qualitative findings highlighted that well-being is intrinsically linked to the harmony of living and social protection, encompassing dimensions such as education, health, interactions, among others. Meanwhile, the quantitative analysis established a well-being model centered on the dimensions of healthand social cohesion. Notably, the results indicated a high level of well-being among families in Envigado. Inconclusion, this index contributes to public policies in this municipality of Colombia

Educación y alegría: afectos en la construcción de un posible diálogo entre Espinosa y Snyders

This article is the result of a theoretical and qualitative investigation, based on a conceptual bibliographic survey. In it, the objective was to rescue Spinoza’s dynamics of affections and bring it closer to the relational dimension in educational processes, giving relevance to affections in pedagogical environments. It also draws a dialogue between the Spinozist tradition of thought and the philosophy of education based on joy, a topic debated by Georges Snyders. The conclusion points to the need to revalidate the aesthetic paradigm as a pedagogical vector in which it is possible to conceive affections, joys, and affects, relate them to the development of the sensitive, and take them as the basis of an emancipatory pedagogical praxis.This article is the result of a theoretical and qualitative investigation, based on a conceptual bibliographic survey. In it, the objective was to rescue Spinoza’s dynamics of affections and bring it closer to the relational dimension in educational processes, giving relevance to affections in pedagogical environments. It also draws a dialogue between the Spinozist tradition of thought and the philosophy of education based on joy, a topic debated by Georges Snyders. The conclusion points to the need to revalidate the aesthetic paradigm as a pedagogical vector in which it is possible to conceive affections, joys, and affects, relate them to the development of the sensitive, and take them as the basis of an emancipatory pedagogical praxis.Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación teórica y cualitativa, basada en un levantamiento bibliográficoconceptual. En él, el objetivo fue rescatar la dinámica de los afectos de Spinoza y acercarla a la dimensiónrelacional en los procesos educativos, dándole relevancia a los afectos en ambientes pedagógicos.También establece un diálogo entre la tradición de pensamiento spinozista y la filosofía de la educación basadaen la alegría, tema debatido por Georges Snyders. La conclusión apunta a la necesidad de revalidar elparadigma estético como vector pedagógico en el que es posible concebir afecciones, alegrías y afectos, relacionarloscon el desarrollo de lo sensitivo y tomarlos como base de una praxis pedagógica emancipadora

La fenomenología como acontecimiento: Claude Romano y la transformación del pensar fenomenológico

This article investigates whether Claude Romano’s phenomenological proposal can be properly characterized as an evential phenomenology. The analysis focuses on the transformation Romano enacts upon Heidegger’s hermeneutical phenomenology, with L’événement et le monde as its central point. It is argued that Romano’s work does not merely describe events as a new type of phenomenon, but reconfigures core phenomenological concepts. From this perspective, the article defends the thesis that L’événement et le monde is not only about events— it is itself an event, insofar as it transforms the possibilities of phenomenology. This claim is developed through the four features that, according to Romano, define a genuine event: univocal assignation, world-creating power, non-causal rupture, and futurally oriented temporality. Finally, it is shown that Romano structurally repeats Heidegger’s gesture, by which reflective phenomenology (Husserl) was transformed into hermeneutical phenomenology. What Romano makes explicit, then, is not merely a new thematic object, but the very mode of operation of phenomenology as event. Phenomenology, the article concludes, is not only capable of describing events—it is itself evential, to the extent that it allows itself to be transformed by what it seeks to think.Este artículo se propone indagar si la propuesta fenomenológica de Claude Romano puede caracterizarse como una fenomenología acontecial en sentido estricto. Para ello, se parte del análisis de la transformación que Romano opera sobre la fenomenología hermenéutica de Heidegger, tomando como eje su obra L’événement et le monde. Se sostiene que esta transformación no se limita a tematizar el acontecimiento como un nuevo tipo de fenómeno, sino que implica una reconfiguración de los conceptos fundamentales de la fenomenología. Desde esta perspectiva, se argumenta que la obra L’événement et le monde no solo describe acontecimientos, sino que constituye un acontecimiento en sí misma, en tanto transforma los posibles de la fenomenología. Esta tesis se articula a través de los rasgos que, según Romano, definen un acontecimiento en sentido propio: Asignación unívoca, apertura de un nuevo mundo, irrupción no causal y temporalidad del advenir. Finalmente, se muestra que el gesto de Romano repite estructuralmente el movimiento por el cual Heidegger había transformado la fenomenología reflexiva de Husserl en una fenomenología hermenéutica. En este sentido, lo que Romano explicita no es solo un nuevo contenido temático, sino el obrar mismo de la fenomenología como acontecimiento. La fenomenología, se concluye, no solo puede describir acontecimientos: Es ella misma acontecial en la medida en que se deja transformar por aquello que busca pensar