Alternativas de recuperação da fertilidade de solo em sistema agrícola de subsistência no Nordeste Paraense.

Em uma área de capoeira, em Marapanim–PA, e utilizando um desenho experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, os fatores prática de corte-e-trituração, fosfato natural e adubação verde foram testados como alternativas agroecológicas de recuperação da fertilidade de solo, através dos tratamentos: capoeira; testemunha; fosfato natural (FN); feijão-de-porco [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C.] (FP); FN + FP; FN + guandu [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] (G); FN + titônia [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray] (T); FP + G; FP + T. O preparo do solo para o plantio dos cultivos-teste, sequência mandioca e milho, foi feito pelo sistema de corte-e-trituração da vegetação em pousio. Os tratamentos de recuperação da fertilidade de solo só afetaram positivamente a produção do milho, e aquele de maior impacto foi o fosfato natural com guandu, seguido pelos tratamentos fosfato natural e fosfato natural com feijão-de-porco. O tratamento de maior impacto positivo na matéria orgânica e no fósforo disponível foi o fosfato natural com guandu, o que se refletiu na produção do milho. Diferente da titônia, o guandu claramente se beneficiou da presença do fosfato natural

Variabilidade Sazonal e Interanual do Microclima em Área de Floresta no Sudoeste da Amazônia

The Amazon is a recognized global ecosystem, due to its high biodiversity and the magnitude of the mass and energy exchanges performed. In this study it sought to analyze the seasonal and interannual variations of microclimate in a site of tropical forest in southwestern Amazon. For this purpose, net radiation data were used, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed collected in a micrometeorological tower belonging to the LBA, located in Jaru Biological Reserve, from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that existence of well-defined seasonal patterns was verified, with variations between wet, wet-dry, dry, dry-humid periods for all variables in question. Yet, through analysis of the interannual variations were observed warming of the increment signs and decreased moisture in the locality. This observation, although patchy, deserves special attention, since changes in the microclimate in the Amazon region may have yet unknown consequences.A Amazônia é um ecossistema de reconhecida importância global, devido à sua elevada biodiversidade e a magnitude das trocas de massa e energia por ela realizada. Considerando que as alterações no uso e ocupação do solo na região podem ocasionar mudanças nas condições micrometeorológicas locais, buscou-se com este estudo analisar os aspectos sazonais e variações interanuais do microclima em um sítio de estudos localizado em área de floresta tropical, no sudoeste da Amazônia. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de saldo de radiação, temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento coletados em uma torre micrometeorológica pertencente ao Programa LBA, localizada na Reserva Biológica do Jaru, no período de 2004 a 2010. A existência de padrões sazonais bem definidos foi verificada, com variações entre os períodos úmido, úmido-seco, seco e seco-úmido, para todas as variáveis em questão. Ainda, por meio de análises das variações interanuais, foram observados indícios de incremento do aquecimento e diminuição da umidade na localidade. Essa observação, embora pontual, merece especial atenção, visto que modificações no microclima na região Amazônica podem apresentar consequências ainda desconhecidas

Diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional (PGD) e a sua aplicação na reprodução humana / Preimplantational genetic diagnosis (PGD) and its application in human reproduction

Um dos grandes avanços da medicina reprodutiva dos últimos anos é o Diagnóstico Genético Pré-Implantacional (PGD), essa é uma técnica que nos permite conhecer aspectos da composição genética do embrião antes da sua implantação, usando tecnologias da reprodução humana assistida. Ela se divide em duas categorias que vão evidenciar objetivos e protocolos diversos: O PGD para doenças monogênicas (PGT-M), e o (PGT-A) para detectar as alterações cromossômicas no cariótipo. Diante da importância da técnica, objetiva-se apresentar os benefícios do PGD para a reprodução humana e seus aspectos éticos. Por meio dos conhecimentos disponíveis, fez-se uma revisão de literatura com intenção de explorar o diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional empregado na reprodução humana. Durante a escolha dos procedimentos de fertilização in vitro, primeiro é descoberto o que impossibilita o casal de gestar um filho, só então é estudado e analisado as melhores técnicas para tentar minimizar as chances de falhas no procedimento. Com o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas envolvidas no PGD, futuramente os avanços dos estudos irão permitir o diagnóstico de uma gama de alterações genéticas ainda na fase embrionária

The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective : 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs are early recognition, adequate source control, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prompt resuscitation of patients with ongoing sepsis is of utmost important. In hospitals worldwide, non-acceptance of, or lack of access to, accessible evidence-based practices and guidelines result in overall poorer outcome of patients suffering IAIs. The aim of this paper is to promote global standards of care in IAIs and update the 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

Resumo não disponíve

Identification and expression pattern of RNA-Seq-derived transcripts : a molecular characterization of the fungal pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa, which causes witches' broom disease of cocoa tree

Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: As tecnologias de sequenciamento de segunda geração geram um grande número de sequências em um curto espaço de tempo e com baixo custo. O sequenciamento em larga escala de cDNA, conhecido como RNA-seq, tem permitido análises precisas de transcriptomas inteiros sem a necessidade de conhecimento prévio sobre sequências genômicas, conforme exigido pela tecnologia de microarranjos. No entanto, existem muitas discussões sobre os métodos utilizados para o alinhamento de reads, identificação de genes diferencialmente expressos e montagem de transcriptomas. Desde 2000, o Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão (LGE), tem estudado a doença da vassoura-de-bruxa do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao), que é causada pelo fungo basidiomiceto Moniliophthora perniciosa. Recentemente, 54 bibliotecas RNA-seq da interação planta-patógeno foram sequenciadas pelo nosso grupo, a fim de ajudar na elucidação da complexa biologia da doença. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo gerar informações sobre o perfil de transcrição do M. perniciosa e do T. cacao durante a doença vassoura-de-bruxa. Os resultados estão divididos em três seções principais, sendo que na primeira apresentamos uma análise de alinhamento e expressão gênica nas condições e tecidos amostrados. Na segunda, analisamos o estágio inicial da doença, conhecido como vassoura-verde, onde através da análise de expressão diferencial identificamos genes relacionados aos mecanismos de interação entre o cacaueiro e o fungo M. perniciosa. Na ultima seção, desenvolvemos uma estratégia para identificar sequências de possíveis RNAs não codificantes longos (lncRNA) e aplicamos esta estratégia no fungo M. perniciosa. De uma maneira geral estes dados apresentam um importante avanço no estudo desta doença e poderão ser utilizados em trabalhos futuroAbstract: Next-generation sequencing technologies generate large numbers of sequences in a short time and at low cost. The high-throughput sequencing of cDNA, known as RNA-seq, has allowed precise analyses of entire transcriptomes without the need of previous knowledge on genomic sequences, as required by microarrays. However, there are many discussions about the methods used for read alignment, identification of differentially expressed genes and assembly of transcriptomes. Since 2000, the Genomics and Expression Laboratory (LGE), has been studying the Witches' Broom Disease (WBD) of cacao (Theobroma cacao), which is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. Recently, 54 RNA-seq libraries of this plant-pathogen interaction were sequenced by our group in order to help in the elucidation of the complex biology of the disease. Thus, this work aims to generate information about the transcription profile of M. perniciosa and T. cacao during the Witches' Broom Disease (WBD). The results are divided into three main sections, the first is an analysis of alignment and gene expression under the conditions and sampled tissues. In the second section, we analyze the initial stage of the disease, known as green broom, where through differential expression analysis we could identify genes related to mechanisms of interaction between cacao and the fungus M. perniciosa. In the last section, we developed a strategy to identify possible sequences of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and applied this strategy in the fungus M. perniciosa. In general these data present an important advance in the study of this disease and may be used in future workMestradoBioinformaticaMestre em Genética e Biologia Molecula

RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis shows anti-tumor actions of melatonin in a breast cancer xenograft model

Melatonin is a pleiotropic anti-cancer molecule that controls cancer growth by multiple mechanisms. RNA-Seq can potentially evaluate therapeutic response and its use in xenograft tumor models can differentiate the changes that occur specifically in tumor cells or in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Melatonin actions were evaluated in a xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer. Balb/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors were treated with melatonin or vehicle. RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina HiSeq. 2500 and data were mapped against human and mouse genomes separately to differentiate species-specific expression. Differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect clusters of highly coexpressed genes. Melatonin treatment reduced tumor growth (p < 0.01). 57 DE genes were identified in murine cells, which represented the TME, and were mainly involved in immune response. The WGCNA detected co-expressed genes in tumor cells and TME, which were related to the immune system among other biological processes. The upregulation of two genes (Tnfaip8l2 and Il1f6) by melatonin was validated in the TME, these genes play important roles in the immune system. Taken together, the transcriptomic data suggests that melatonin anti-tumor actions occur through modulation of TME in this xenograft tumor model9FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2014/13815-5Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/13815-5]; Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa e Extensao de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAPERP

Non-crop habitats modulate alpha and beta diversity of flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Brazilian agricultural landscapes

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-05-01Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Non-crop habitats play a key role in maintaining functional diversity and ecosystem services in farmland. However, the interplay between beneficial insects and landscape variables has rarely been investigated in Neotropical agroecosystems. We used flower flies as a model group to investigate the effects of landscape attributes on beneficial insects in agroecosystems across a gradient of landscape complexity. We specifically ask: (i) Do the abundance and species richness of flower flies in cereal crops increase with increasing landscape complexity? (ii) Do the effects of landscape variables on local flower fly communities differ between spatial scales? (iii) How do landscape complexity and local factors (crop size, altitude and insecticide applications) affect beta diversity? We sampled flower flies in 54 edges within 18 wheat crops in Paraná State, southern Brazil. The percentage of non-crop habitats, landscape diversity and edge density were the explanatory variables, which were calculated at multiple spatial scales for each landscape. We collected 8340 flower flies, distributed in 12 genera and 52 species. Species richness was positively associated with the percentage of non-crop habitats, but total abundance presented non-clear pattern. However, abundance without the dominant species was also positively associated with the percentage non-crop habitats. Similarly, beta diversity was related to non-crop habitats, suggesting that the reduction in non-crop habitats implies in species loss. We have provided the first insights into the importance of non-crop habitats on the conservation of beneficial insects within Neotropical farmlands. To guarantee high levels of biodiversity within agroecosystems we need to promote the conservation and restoration of non-crop habitats in the surrounding landscapes.Bioscience Institute Department of Ecology Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) UNESP - Universidade Estadual PaulistaGraduate Program in Agronomy UEL - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 6001Graduate Program in Entomology UFLA - Universidade Federal de Lavras, P.O. Box 3037Department of Environmental Sciences UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676Department of Geosciences UEL - Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 6001Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15Bioscience Institute Department of Ecology Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC) UNESP - Universidade Estadual PaulistaFAPESP: 2013/50421-2FAPESP: 2014/01594-4CNPq: 312045/2013-1CNPq: 312292/2016-3CAPES: PNPD 2013128