ANTI - INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF NYMPHAEA ALBA BY HRBC MEMBRANE STABILIZATION METHOD

 Object: To evaluate the anti inflammatory activity from the flowers of Nymphaea alba. Methods: Human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC method) has been used as a method in estimating the anti inflammatory property of Nymphaea alba flowers. Results: Acute oral toxicity study. The extracts of Nymphaea alba did not show any sign of toxicity up to 2000 mg/ml body weight and hence it was considered to be safe. The in vitro method showed significant anti inflammatory property of different concentrations tested. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract at a concentration of 500μg/ml showed significant activity when compared with the standard control ibuprofen

Development and Comparative Antibacterial Evaluation of Tincture of Jatropha gossypifolia L. Leaves

Objective: To compare antibacterial activity of tincture of Jatropha gossypifolia L., leaves against marketed tincture.Methods: The tincture was formulated using methanolic extract of J. gossypifolia leaves. It was evaluated for its density, dry matter, pH, refractive index and content of methanol using appropriate formulae. Further, the tincture of J. gossypifolia leaves was compared with marketed tincture, Povidone Iodine for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method against strains such as E.coli, E.faecalis, B.subtilis and S.aureus.Results: The results observed from the study complies prerequisites of a tincture and showed comparative antibacterial activity with that of marketed tincture, Povidone Iodine.Conclusion: J. gossypifolia leaves have different pharmacological activities. The comparative evaluation of formulated tincture against marketed tincture showed significant antibacterial activity. Further, this study suggests isolating, identifying and evaluating the phytochemical substances and related pharmacological activity

MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE-BASED APPROACHES IN CANCER THERAPY–A CRITICAL REVIEW

Cancer is definitely one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Failure in the efficacy of the standard treatments (chemo-, radiotherapy and surgery), and the severe side effects, resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics have necessitated alternative therapeutic strategies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been assessed as potential cancer therapy materials. Their intrinsic magnetic properties provide a cancer detection, monitoring, and therapy platform based on multimodal theranostics. MNPs can be functionalized by binding them to a wide variety of substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs, radionuclides, nucleic acids, and antibodies. They can be used for drug delivery, magnetic or photothermal induced local hyperthermia and photodynamic therapy aimed at killing cancer cells at the tumor site. MNPs may also be useful to challenge drug resistance. The combination of different options of these treatment modalities offers a synergistic effect and significantly reduces the side effects. The functionalized MNPs may be used to remove the unwanted cells from blood, including leukemia cells and circulating tumor cells that key factors in the metastatic process. Despite numerous successful studies, there are still some unpredictable obstacles relevant to the use of MNPs in cancer therapy. This review mainly focuses on the application of MNPs in cancer treatment, covering future perspectives and challenges aspects

Isolation, Characterization, and RP-HPLC Estimation of P-Coumaric Acid from Methanolic Extract of Durva Grass (Cynodon dactylon Linn.) (Pers.)

P-coumaric acid is a nonflavonoid phenolic acid and is a major constituent of the species Cynodon dactylon Linn. (Pers.). In this study isolation of P-coumaric acid was achieved by preparative TLC and the compound thus isolated was characterised by UV, mass, and H 1 NMR spectral analysis. An isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of P-coumaric acid from methanolic extracts of durva grass. The chromatographic separations were achieved by RP-C 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 ), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence liquid chromatograph, and a mobile phase composed of water : methanol : glacial acetic acid (65 : 34 : 1 v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the analyses of column effluents were performed using UV-visible detector at 310 nm. Retention time of P-coumaric acid was found to be 6.617 min. This method has obeyed linearity over the concentration range of 2-10 g/mL and the regression coefficient obtained from linearity plot for P-coumaric acid was found to be 0.999. RP-HPLC method was validated in pursuance of ICH guidelines

A simple one-dimensional map-based model of spiking neurons with wide ranges of firing rates and complexities

This paper introduces a simple 1-dimensional map-based model of spiking neurons. During the past decades, dynamical models of neurons have been used to investigate the biology of human nervous systems. The models simulate experimental records of neurons’ voltages using difference or differential equations. Difference neuronal models have some advantages besides the differential ones. They are usually simpler, and considering the cost of needed computations, they are more efficient. In this paper, a simple 1-dimensional map-based model of spiking neurons is introduced. Sample entropy is applied to analyze the complexity of the model’s dynamics. The model can generate a wide range of time series with different firing rates and different levels of complexities. Besides, using some tools like bifurcation diagrams and cobwebs, the introduced model is analyzed

FUSION OF MEDICAL IMAGES USING MUTUAL INFORMATION AND INTENSITY BASED IMAGE REGISTRATION SCHEMES

ABSTRACT Image fusion is the process of combining two or more images for providing more information. Medical image fusion refers to the fusion of medical images obtained from different modalities. Medical Image Fusion helps in medical diagnosis by way of improving the quality of the images. In diagnosis, images obtained from a single modality like MRI, CT etc, may not be able to provide all the required information. It is needed to combine information obtained from other modalities also to improve the information acquired. For example combination of information from MRI and CT modalities gives more information than the individual modalities separately. The aim is to provide a method for fusing the images from the individual modalities in such a way that the fusion results in an image that gives more information without any loss of the input information and without any redundancy or artifacts. In the fusion of medical images obtained from different modalities they might be in different coordinate systems and they have to be aligned properly for efficient fusion. The aligning of the input images before proceeding with the fusion is called image registration. The intensity based registration and Mutual information based image registration procedures are carried out before decomposing the images. The two imaging modalities CT and MRI are considered for this study. The results on CT and MR images demonstrate the performance of the fusion algorithms in comparison with registration schemes

Isolation, Characterization, and RP-HPLC Estimation of P-Coumaric Acid from Methanolic Extract of Durva Grass ( Cynodon dactylon

P-coumaric acid is a nonflavonoid phenolic acid and is a major constituent of the species Cynodon dactylon Linn. (Pers.). In this study isolation of P-coumaric acid was achieved by preparative TLC and the compound thus isolated was characterised by UV, mass, and H1 NMR spectral analysis. An isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of P-coumaric acid from methanolic extracts of durva grass. The chromatographic separations were achieved by RP-C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ), Shimadzu LC-20AT Prominence liquid chromatograph, and a mobile phase composed of water : methanol : glacial acetic acid (65 : 34 : 1 v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the analyses of column effluents were performed using UV-visible detector at 310 nm. Retention time of P-coumaric acid was found to be 6.617 min. This method has obeyed linearity over the concentration range of 2–10 μg/mL and the regression coefficient obtained from linearity plot for P-coumaric acid was found to be 0.999. RP-HPLC method was validated in pursuance of ICH guidelines

The linearity of the master stability function

The master stability function (MSF) is a tool to evaluate the local stability of the synchronization in coupled oscillators. Computing the MSF of a network of a specific oscillator results in a curve whose shape is dependent on the nodes' dynamics, network topology, coupling function, and coupling strength. This paper calculates the MSF of networks of two diffusively coupled oscillators by considering different single variable and multi-variable couplings. Then, the linearity of the MSF is investigated by fitting a straight line to the MSF curve, and the root mean square error is obtained. It is observed that the multi-variable coupling with equal coefficients on all variables results in a linear MSF regardless of the dynamics of the nodes

PEGylated dendritic nanoarchitechture improves mean survival time of BDF1 mice bearing myelogenous k -562 leukemia

Objective: To developing and exploring the use of PEGylated poly (propylene imine) dendritic architecture for the delivery of an anti leukemic activity of Prednisolone. Methods: For this study, PEGylated poly (propylene imine) dendritic architecture was synthesized and loaded with Prednisolone and targeted to the ascetic form of myelogenous leukemia k-562 cellines in hybrid mice BDF1, was used as tumor model. The antileukemic activity was assessed by use of the criterion T/C %, where T was the mean survival time (MST, days) of the drug treated mice, bearing k-562 leukemia and C – the mean survival time (MST, days) of untreated control animals, bearing the same leukemia cellines. Results: An antileukemic activity of the studied Prednisolone loaded PEGylated Polypropyleneimine (PPI) dendrimer was found to have increasing the mean survival time of the k-562 myelogenous leukemia cellines bearing BDF1 mice. The criterion “increase of life span” (ILS%) reached maximally 270.1% for the drug loaded dendrimer. Conclusion: The studied dendrimer with Prednisolone showed lower toxicity with improved antileukemic activity in comparison with free Prednisolone. The further experiments in this field are in progress, aiming to design better dendritic formulations, with potential clinical us