Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Detection and effects of lack of fusion defects in Hastelloy X manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is increasingly used for the manufacturing of complex metal parts. A major hurdle for L-PBF to manufacture critical parts is the lack of knowledge about the effects of inner material defects on the material properties. This paper presents a new method to manufacture specimens with inner lack of fusion (LOF) defects and to detect and localize them simultaneously by the in-process monitoring tool Optical Tomography (OT). The presence of defects at locations indicated by OT was verified through Computed Tomography analyses. Correlative metallographic preparation of the processed specimens showed LOF defects with their main extent within the build plane and sharp edges. Moreover, microstructural investigations revealed a fine globular grain structure and coarse dendritic segregations in the area, influenced by the defect. Correlations between the LOF defects analyzed in the microstructure and corresponding OT indications were established. Tensile tests and high cycle fatigue tests were performed on defective and non-defective material to evaluate the effects of LOF defects on the material properties of Hastelloy® X manufactured by L-PBF. While a minor influence of the LOF defects on static material properties was identified, the fatigue life of the defective specimens was significantly reduced

Checklist of metazoan fish parasites of German coastal waters

This checklist summarises information on metazoan fish parasites of German coastal waters contained in the available literature, including scientific journals, reports, and doctoral and master thesis from German universities. Information is presented in the form of fish-parasite and parasite-fish lists, organised according to the taxonomy of the fish and the parasites. A total of 62 different wild fish species from the North and Baltic Sea coast line are considered. The fishes inhabit 191 different named species of metazoan parasites (3.1 parasite species per fish species), belonging to the Taxa Myxazoa (13), Trematoda (68), Monogenea (18), Cestoda (28), Nematoda (25), Acanthocephala (13), Mollusca (1), Hirudinea (3) and Crustacea (22). Also included are reports of parasites not identified to the species level. Along the German North and Baltic Sea coast, 86 and 142 different parasite species have been detected in 45 and 46 fish species respectively. The fish-parasite list gives information on the parasites found, the locality, the site of infestation and the source. The parasite-fish list gives information on the names of the infested host species. The checklist demonstrates that in the German coastal waters along the North and Baltic Sea, mainly parasite generalists occur. Lowest host specificity is revealed by Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda), podocotyle atomon (Trematoda), Echinorhynchus gadi (Acanthocephala), and Brachyphallus crenatus (Trematoda). The most frequently parasitised fish species in German coastal waters are Platichthys flesus (49 parasite species), Gasterosteus aculeatus (41), Gadus morhua (32), Pungitius pungitius (32), and Anguilla anguilla (26). This high amount of parasite species can be either explained by a generalistic feeding behavior on various invertebrates or by a piscivorous feeding behavior. Specialists such as Agonus cataphractus, Cyclopterus lumpus, Sygnathus rostellatus, and S. typhle harbour only few parasite species. The checklist again demonstrated the importance of fish parasites for marine biodiversity studiesSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 3292(307) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman