Determinación de zonas idóneas para el establecimiento de plantaciones vitivinícolas en la comuna de Hualañé.

63 p.La planificación territorial se enfrenta al principal problema de manejar una gran cantidad de información espacial, por lo que tiene que operar un conjunto de criterios, normas y planes que regulen al actividad con el fin de conseguir una adecuada relación entre el área, población, actividades, servicios e infraestructura. El presente estudio plantea una metodología basada en la integración de los Sistemas Información Geográfica (SIG) y las Técnicas de Evaluación Multicriterio (EMC) para obtener un Modelo de Capacidad de Acogida (MCA) que determine las zonas idóneas para el establecimiento de plantaciones vitivinícolas en la comuna de Hualañé, ubicada en la Región del Maule-Chile. Se construyó una base de datos digital vectorial que incluyó exposición de laderas, profundidad suelo, drenaje, pendientes, caminos, zonas urbanas, distancia a cursos de agua, entre otras. El MCA resultante muestra que un 0,45 % de superficie en categoría “muy alta”, 20,41 en categoría “alta”, 46,17 en categoría “media”, mientras que las categorías “baja”, “muy baja” y “excluyente” en conjunto suman un 32,97%. Los resultados fueron comparados con el catastro digital de viñas, quedando en evidencia el potencial de suelo para establecer plantaciones en las zonas de categorías muy alta, alta y media las que alcanzan un 67.36% de la superficie de la zona en estudio./ABSTRACT:Territorial land use planning is facing the main problem of handling a large amount of spatial information, whereby have to operate a set of criteria, standards and plans wich regulate the activity in order to achieve an appropriate relationship between area, population, activities , services and infrastructure. This study shows a methodology based on the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Evaluation Techniques (EMC) in order to get the Model Capacity welcome MCA wich determinted suitable areas for plantation establishment vineyards in Hualañé commune, located in the Maule Region, Chile. Was made a digital vector data base wich included among other, land exposure, soil depth, drainage, slope, roads, urban areas, distance to water courses. The resulting MCA shows 0.45% of the area in “very high” category, 20.41% in “high” category, 46.17% in “medium category, while the categories “low”, “very low” and “exclusive” together add up to 32,97%. The results were compared with the digital register of Chilean vineyards. It is clear the potential of the land to establish vineyards in the very high, high and medium categories areas, wich all together reach a 67.36% of the area under study

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Propiedades Insecticidas del Polvo de Peumus boldus Molina Solo y en Mezcla con Cal contra Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The insecticidal properties of boldus ( Peumus boldus Molina) powder used alone and mixed with lime against adults of maize weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Additionally, aeration effects (presence or absence) and temperature (room temperature vs. 3 ºC) on insecticidal properties were studied over time. A mortality rate of 100% was observed at 20 g kg-1 (w/w) of P. boldus powder when used alone and mixed with lime in proportions of 50:50, 60:40, and 80:20. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for all treatments was < 5 g kg-1, while LC90 was 11 g kg-1. Mixing corn grains with different insecticidal treatments did not affect maize germination. Temperature and aeration did not influence mortality of maize weevil adults. When the boldus powder was mixed with the infested maize 24 h before grinding, the toxicity to the parental adults and emergence of F1 adults with respect to the untreated control was 100 and 0%, respectively. The results were not satisfactory when boldus powder was stored during 30, 60, and 90 d and then mixed with the infested maize. Boldus foliage toxicity was high 24 h after grinding, but decreased significantly over time.Se evaluaron las propiedades insecticidas del polvo de boldo ( Peumus boldus Molina), solo y en mezcla con cal, bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el efecto de la aeración (presencia vs. ausencia) y de la temperatura (temperatura ambiente vs. 3 ºC) sobre la mortalidad y emergencia de adultos de la F1. La concentración de 20 g kg-1 (p/p) del polvo de boldo ya sea solo o en combinación con cal en las proporciones de 50:50, 60:40 y 80:20 mostraron 100% de mortalidad. La concentración letal 50% (CL50), en todos los tratamientos fue menor a 5 g kg-1 (p/p) mientras que la CL90 no superó 11 g kg-1 (p/p). La mezcla del polvo con los granos de maíz tanto solo como en mezcla con cal no afectó la germinación. La temperatura y la aeración no afectaron la mortalidad de los adultos parentales ni la emergencia de adultos de la F1. Cuando se mezcló el maíz con el polvo de boldo molido 24 h antes de la infestación con adultos, la mortalidad de los adultos parentales y la emergencia de adultos de la F1 fue de 100 y de 0%, respectivamente. Los resultados no fueron satisfactorios cuando el polvo de boldo almacenado durante 30, 60 y 90 d fue mezclado con el maíz infestado. La toxicidad del follaje de boldo es alta 24 h después de pulverizarse; si el tiempo es mayor, la toxicidad declina significativamente

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical science. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press